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In order to overcome abovementioned disadvantages, much attention has been paid to study piezoelectric composite materials with high performance.
Christensen, Mechanics of Composite Materials.
Fish, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 68 (2001), p.153 6.
Wang, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38 (2001), p.37 8.
Wang, et al, International Journal of Engineering Science, 39(2001), p.1271

Under an imposed electric field across the material, the upper layer and the lower layer of an IPMC expand or contract, opposing each other, to produce IPMC's bending motion.
Acknowledgement This work was supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Research Program (2003), KISTEP, Ministry of Science in Korea and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF, 2003).
Manufacturing techniques," Smart Materials and Structures Vol. 12 (2003), pp. 65-79 [2] D.E.
Kim: "An Equilibrium Circuit Model for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites and Their Performance Improvement by a Clay-Based Polymer Nano-Composite Technique," Journal of Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures Vol. 14 (2003), pp. 633-642 [4] Q.
Nemat-Nasser: "Micromechanics of actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites," Journal of Applied Physics Vol. 92 (2002), pp. 2899-2915

Journal of Jiangsu University (National Science Edition), 2010, 31(9): 601-605.
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1999, 11(4): 331-339
Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2008, 13(5): 468-475
Construction and Building Materials, 2008, 22(4): 444-455
Construction and Building Materials, 2006, 20(9): 801-811

Rheological behavior of the materials is dependent on the stress vibration frequency and amplitude as well as temperature and pressure.
Experimental Material: The material used in this work is HDPE (grade 5502B) with MFR=0.3987g/10min, supplied by Shanghai Kinfei Petrochemical Corp.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 1998, 69(2): 323-328
Journal of Polymer Science Part B-Polymer Physics. 1997, 35(3): 415-430
Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2004, 93(4): 1584

Many methods have been used to monitor the interaction process between laser beam and materials [3-5].
Acknowledgment We thank the financial support of the National Natural Science Fund of China (NSFC, No.60908017) and the College Science, Science Foundation of Tianjin (No.08JCYBJC09200) and Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission of China (No.20080403).
Dong: Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 392-394 (2009), pp. 443-447
Antonov: Journal of Optical Technology, Vol. 74 (2007) No. 9, pp. 636-640
He: Chinese Journal of Lasers Vol. 34 (2007) No. 1, pp. 86-90 (in Chinese) [6] D.

Kpis the pressure sensitivity coefficient, it is a constant which is just relevant to fiber parameters and the membrance material.
The role of FBG transverse tensile), the effective reflective index change along Z direction can be expressed as (2) Where P11, P12 is the elastic-optic coefficient, v is Poisson’s ratio of fiber core materials, is the effective reflective index of FBG,is refractive index changes in fiber core,is strain in z direction.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Department of Shandong Province Commission (MDPC0801),the Shandong Natural Science Foundation (Y2007G54).
Journal of Shandong Jianzhu University,2009,24(3):1673-7644 [3] Ping Huang，Qingke Zeng.
Simulation of linear chirped fiber grating[J].Journal of Guiling Normal College，VOL.22,NO.2,JUN.2008

Materials and methods Experimental material Pineapple (Market), Casein (BR, Beijing Aoboxing Biotech Co., LTD);Acidity meter (PHS-3C, Shanghai Leici Instrument Factory);UV-Vis spectrophotometer (SP-752, Shanghai Spectrum Instruments Co., LTD);CNC super constant temperature trough (THS-15, Ningbo Tianheng Instrument Factory).
[4] Lijuan Hu: Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology. (2009), p. 20–21,25(in chinese)
Jacob: International Journal of Pharmaceutics.
Branford-White: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic.
[9] Yan Wang,Lichao Zhao and Jielan Chen: Science and Technology of Food Industry. (2011) (in chinese).

Materials and Test Methods To investigate the bond between asphalt layers in asphalt pavement, two typical HMA (AC-25 and ATB-25) were used.
Table 3 shows summary shear testing results for normal stress of all the tack coat materials tested.
Millien: Road Materials and Pavement Design Vol.10 (2009) No.3, p.609
Petit: Construction and Building Materials Vol.25 (2011) No.1, p.1123
Khabiri: Journal of Civil Engineering and Management Vol.13 (2007) No.1, p.71

In this paper, in order to improve the friction and wear properties of self-lubricating spherical plain bearings, the liners of weave fabric composite materials with PTFE/Kevlar modified by acrylamide were adopted to improve the interface binding force between the liner and the matrix. 1.
The materials of inner and outer ring were made of GCr15, and the liner weave with PTFE and Kevlar fiber of which was rich in PTFE fiber used as the friction surface, the other side used as the adhesive surface.
In order to ensure consistency of the materials, the experimental liners were tailored on one piece of a woven cloth.
Journal of functional materials , 2004, 35(z1): 2221-2223(In Chinese) [3] Xuejin Shen, Yunfei Liu, Lei Cao, Xiaoyang Chen.
Journal of materials research and technology, 2012, 1(1): 8-12(In Chinese) [4] Khedkar Jaydeep, Negulescu Ioan, Meletis Efstathios I.

Nguyena, Huib Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges, Composites Part B. 143 (2018) 172-196
Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 160 (2016) 012062
Tverskoy, The Development of New Materials and Modes of Casting Metal Powder Mixtures (MIM Technology), FarEastСon - Materials and Construction, Materials Science Forum vol. 945, February 2019, pp. 538-542
Sokovic, Rheological properties of feedstocks and the structure of injection moulders for sintering composite tool materials based on mmcs, Materiali in tehnologije, Materials and technology. 51 (2017) 1, 163–171
[22] Bin Huang, Sarat Singamneni Raster angle mechanics in fused deposition modeling, Journal of Composite Materials vol. 49(3), 2015, pp. 363–383