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Online since: April 2007
Authors: Yu Hua Zhen, Jing Feng Li
Introduction
1-3 piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composites have been considered to be efficient and powerful
materials for ultrasonic transducers because of their better dynamic properties than monolithic PZT
[1,2], such as higher thickness electromechanical coupling constant kt, lower mechanical quality
factor Qm and acoustic impedance Z.
These dynamic properties of 1-3 composites are deeply dependent on the mechanical properties such as the velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in epoxy, which are determined by the resonance characteristic [3].
Lower acoustic impedance Z of 4-9 Mrayl is well matched to that of the load to minimize reflection losses at the interface; The acoustic impedance matching well at the interface determines lower mechanical quality factor Qm (wide bandwidth).
However, the thickness of the 1-3 composite is an important factor affecting the resonance characteristic, as proved by the following experimental results.
Conclusion 1-3 PZT/epoxy matrix composites hold better dynamic properties than pure PZT ceramics: higher electromechanical coupling coefficient kt of 52-65%, lower acoustic impedance of 4-9 Mrayl and lower mechanical quality factor Qm of 4-9.
These dynamic properties of 1-3 composites are deeply dependent on the mechanical properties such as the velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in epoxy, which are determined by the resonance characteristic [3].
Lower acoustic impedance Z of 4-9 Mrayl is well matched to that of the load to minimize reflection losses at the interface; The acoustic impedance matching well at the interface determines lower mechanical quality factor Qm (wide bandwidth).
However, the thickness of the 1-3 composite is an important factor affecting the resonance characteristic, as proved by the following experimental results.
Conclusion 1-3 PZT/epoxy matrix composites hold better dynamic properties than pure PZT ceramics: higher electromechanical coupling coefficient kt of 52-65%, lower acoustic impedance of 4-9 Mrayl and lower mechanical quality factor Qm of 4-9.
Online since: June 2021
Authors: Y. Venkata Mohana Reddy, B. Chandra Mohana Reddy, G. Srinivas Kumar
It has good mechanical properties, which exhibits weldability and it is very commonly used.
For Wear test, a number of control factors are there, it can affect the tribological behaviour of Al-6061 HMMC (SiCp+Graphitep).
Table 4 shows the design factors with their levels.
Design factors used in the experiment.
Cimenoglu Abrasive wear behavior and mechanical properties of Al-Si/SiC composites, Wear, vol.257, 2004, 625-632
For Wear test, a number of control factors are there, it can affect the tribological behaviour of Al-6061 HMMC (SiCp+Graphitep).
Table 4 shows the design factors with their levels.
Design factors used in the experiment.
Cimenoglu Abrasive wear behavior and mechanical properties of Al-Si/SiC composites, Wear, vol.257, 2004, 625-632
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Hong Yan, Teng Fei Xu, Jun Wang
With the combined effect of flowing water and weathering factors, the immediate rock stratum would have lots of fractures and damage the whole roof and supporting strength, leading to the large roof deformation.
For some coal roadways, the fast deformation of the surrounding rock could turn to the final roof caving accidents with the weak supporting structure. 5 4 2 3 1 Fig.1 Roof abscission layer and deformation (1, 2, 3-rock strata, 4- abscission layer, 5-roof deformation) Roof Mechanical Properties Test and the Spraying Water in Drilling-Hole Measuring For the type of coal roadways with water spraying and compound roof, it is important to analyze the roof mechanical properties before determining the supporting design and concrete parameters.
According to the testing results of the roof mechanical properties, the influencing effect of the spraying water to the roof strata could be further researched.
As is shown in Fig.2, the testing results are as follows, (a) uniaxial compression test (b) split test Fig.2 Rock mechanical properties test Tab 1.
From the above testing and analyzing results, the mechanical properties have great discrepancy among them, so the roof deformation might occur, especially to the limestone stratum containing water.
For some coal roadways, the fast deformation of the surrounding rock could turn to the final roof caving accidents with the weak supporting structure. 5 4 2 3 1 Fig.1 Roof abscission layer and deformation (1, 2, 3-rock strata, 4- abscission layer, 5-roof deformation) Roof Mechanical Properties Test and the Spraying Water in Drilling-Hole Measuring For the type of coal roadways with water spraying and compound roof, it is important to analyze the roof mechanical properties before determining the supporting design and concrete parameters.
According to the testing results of the roof mechanical properties, the influencing effect of the spraying water to the roof strata could be further researched.
As is shown in Fig.2, the testing results are as follows, (a) uniaxial compression test (b) split test Fig.2 Rock mechanical properties test Tab 1.
From the above testing and analyzing results, the mechanical properties have great discrepancy among them, so the roof deformation might occur, especially to the limestone stratum containing water.
Online since: December 2019
Authors: Victoria A. Gurieva, A.V. Doroshin
The separate and joint grinding raw materials mixture rational composition influence on the ceramics technological properties is studied.
The technogenic waste addition to low-quality clay raw materials allows not only to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the finished product, but also to regulate the production properties of wall ceramic products in accordance with regulatory requirements, to reduce the production costs and to solve the waste disposal problem.
However, the insufficient raw materials grain composition optimal distribution method knowledge, affecting the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of ceramics, determines the need to develop a new experimental method of mathematical composition of the ceramic compositions of the «loam + ASW» ceramic masses.
The following factors were taken as variation factors: X1 - waste ash, mass%, X2 - silicate lump, mass%, X3 - technological parameter: particle size distribution, pressing pressure or molding moisture of press powder.
The influence of variable factors X1 - ASW, %; X2 - silicate lump, %; X3 - pressing pressure, MPa on the physical and mechanical properties of the experimental compositions bricks a) average density,[g/cm3]; b) water absorption, [%]; c) compressive strength, [MPa] Analysis of nomograms to determine the optimal pressing pressure (Fig. 1) after separate grinding showed that it was possible to obtain the ceramic brick brands from M120 to M225 with satisfying physical and mechanical properties, where the average density is in the range from 1,6 to 1,98 g / cm3 and with water absorption 12-14 %.
The technogenic waste addition to low-quality clay raw materials allows not only to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the finished product, but also to regulate the production properties of wall ceramic products in accordance with regulatory requirements, to reduce the production costs and to solve the waste disposal problem.
However, the insufficient raw materials grain composition optimal distribution method knowledge, affecting the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of ceramics, determines the need to develop a new experimental method of mathematical composition of the ceramic compositions of the «loam + ASW» ceramic masses.
The following factors were taken as variation factors: X1 - waste ash, mass%, X2 - silicate lump, mass%, X3 - technological parameter: particle size distribution, pressing pressure or molding moisture of press powder.
The influence of variable factors X1 - ASW, %; X2 - silicate lump, %; X3 - pressing pressure, MPa on the physical and mechanical properties of the experimental compositions bricks a) average density,[g/cm3]; b) water absorption, [%]; c) compressive strength, [MPa] Analysis of nomograms to determine the optimal pressing pressure (Fig. 1) after separate grinding showed that it was possible to obtain the ceramic brick brands from M120 to M225 with satisfying physical and mechanical properties, where the average density is in the range from 1,6 to 1,98 g / cm3 and with water absorption 12-14 %.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Ying Jie Zhang, Jia Guo, Ting Li
However, the adsorption capacity of the carbon electrode depends on other factors, such as the specific capacitance, wettability and electrical resistance.
However, the electric properties of electrode were proper.
The adsorption capacity of the carbon electrode depends on many factors, such as surface structure, surface functional groups and electrochemical performance.
The wettability of the electrode is also an important factor affecting its capacitance.
Conclusions An electrode for capacitive deionization should have a higher specific capacitance and electrochemical performance, the binder applied to activated carbon electrode is an important factor affecting properties of the electrode.
However, the electric properties of electrode were proper.
The adsorption capacity of the carbon electrode depends on many factors, such as surface structure, surface functional groups and electrochemical performance.
The wettability of the electrode is also an important factor affecting its capacitance.
Conclusions An electrode for capacitive deionization should have a higher specific capacitance and electrochemical performance, the binder applied to activated carbon electrode is an important factor affecting properties of the electrode.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Chi Wai Kan, Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit, Maggie Hoi Man Leung
The compression properties were evaluated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) which is commonly used objective measurement method for testing low stress mechanical properties of material [1-8].
Compression Properties Measurement.
RC is the most important factor among all the three factors since the result represents the ability to recover to the original thickness after compression.
Stylios, Cotton fabric mechanical properties affected by post-finishing processes, Fibers and Polymers. 13(8) (2012) 1050-1057
Stylios, Investigating the plasma modification of natural fibre fabrics – the effect on fabric surface and mechanical properties, Textile Research Journal. 75(9) (2005) 639-644
Compression Properties Measurement.
RC is the most important factor among all the three factors since the result represents the ability to recover to the original thickness after compression.
Stylios, Cotton fabric mechanical properties affected by post-finishing processes, Fibers and Polymers. 13(8) (2012) 1050-1057
Stylios, Investigating the plasma modification of natural fibre fabrics – the effect on fabric surface and mechanical properties, Textile Research Journal. 75(9) (2005) 639-644
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Zuzanka Trojanová, Peter Palček, D. Blažek, Jakub Porubčan
Introduction
Magnesium alloys are attractive for the industry because of their interesting mechanical properties, such low density (2/3 of aluminum density and 1/4 of steel density).
Mg alloys have also excellent internal friction properties (belong to the group of HIDAMET materials).
Heat treatments have a strong impact on the mechanical properties [1, 2].
Mechanical cycling can be performed during the measurements and it is possible to study the changes in the material properties as a function of time.
Conclusions The obtained results lead to conclude that the most important factor affecting the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys are dislocations and their interactions with solute atoms.
Mg alloys have also excellent internal friction properties (belong to the group of HIDAMET materials).
Heat treatments have a strong impact on the mechanical properties [1, 2].
Mechanical cycling can be performed during the measurements and it is possible to study the changes in the material properties as a function of time.
Conclusions The obtained results lead to conclude that the most important factor affecting the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys are dislocations and their interactions with solute atoms.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Rui M. Leal, Altino Loureiro, Dulce Maria Esteves Rodrigues, Pedro Vilaça, Carlos Miguel Almeida Leitão
Most of these papers are focused on the effect of the
welding parameters (tool rotation and traverse speeds) on the microstructure and mechanical
properties of the welds or on the selection of adequate tool materials for welding copper alloys.
Though, the factors influencing the voids formation determined in present research for welding of copper alloys show quite similar effect to those observed previously for aluminium alloys.
Probably the degree of recrystallization in the nugget, this means the proportion of grains deformed (high dislocation density), substructured (low angle boundaries inside the grains) and recrystallized, affects the mechanical properties of the welds.
Tensile properties.
Sci. and Eng A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 496(1-2) 2008, 262-268
Though, the factors influencing the voids formation determined in present research for welding of copper alloys show quite similar effect to those observed previously for aluminium alloys.
Probably the degree of recrystallization in the nugget, this means the proportion of grains deformed (high dislocation density), substructured (low angle boundaries inside the grains) and recrystallized, affects the mechanical properties of the welds.
Tensile properties.
Sci. and Eng A-Structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing 496(1-2) 2008, 262-268
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Wai Ching Tang, Yiu Lo, Hong Zhi Cui
Extensive laboratory tests were carried out and the focus of this paper was to characterize the mechanical and permeability properties of concrete containing scrap tires.
The mechanical properties of rubber concrete were affected considerably by the size, proportion and surface texture of rubber particles [8-12].
Ferraris (1998), Workability, mechanical properties and chemical stability of a recycled tire rubber-filled cementitious composite.
Topcu (1995), The properties of rubberized concrete.
Nadeem, Mechanical and drying shrinkage properties of structural-graded polystyrene aggregate concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites 30 (5) (2008), pp. 403–409 [22] E.
The mechanical properties of rubber concrete were affected considerably by the size, proportion and surface texture of rubber particles [8-12].
Ferraris (1998), Workability, mechanical properties and chemical stability of a recycled tire rubber-filled cementitious composite.
Topcu (1995), The properties of rubberized concrete.
Nadeem, Mechanical and drying shrinkage properties of structural-graded polystyrene aggregate concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites 30 (5) (2008), pp. 403–409 [22] E.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: John Mo, Song Lin Ding, Wen Cheng Pan
Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) is one of the popular materials in industry because of its superior mechanical properties.
Through statistical analysis it was found that clearance angle affected cutting forces more significantly than the other parameters.
These properties make PCD superior to conventional tool materials [3].
To simple the analysis of relevant factors, the tool paths applied were straight lines along the edge of the workpiece.
Table 3 Conspicuousness value of factors Factors Front angle Cutting edge angle Clearance angle 0.23 0.36 0.64 From Table 3, it can be seen that tool performance could be improved more effectively by choosing the correct clearance angle according to the F-value.
Through statistical analysis it was found that clearance angle affected cutting forces more significantly than the other parameters.
These properties make PCD superior to conventional tool materials [3].
To simple the analysis of relevant factors, the tool paths applied were straight lines along the edge of the workpiece.
Table 3 Conspicuousness value of factors Factors Front angle Cutting edge angle Clearance angle 0.23 0.36 0.64 From Table 3, it can be seen that tool performance could be improved more effectively by choosing the correct clearance angle according to the F-value.