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Several techniques were proposed for heat gain reduction such as ventilation, insulation and etc.
Data Reduction The data records are conducted to calculate the air flow rate and the number of air change per hour [6] can be estimate as equations (1) and (2), respectively.
Thermocouples type K (range: 0-1250°C, accuracy ±0.5°C) were installed at different positions as showed in figure 3, the thermocouples were connected the data logger (Hioki, Model: 8422-52, accuracy ±0.8%).
The data were recorded every 30 minute.
Shimizu: A laboratory experiment on natural ventilation through a roof cavity for reduction of solar heat gain, (Energy and Building, Elsevier 2008)

Effect of acoustic pads' different dynamic stiffness on the reduction of impact sound level Ing.
During manufacture of elastified polystyrene (it means polystyrene with positive influence on impact sound reduction) are used different production processes in comparison with conventional expanded polystyrene (EPS).
In comparison with conventional used materials enables reduction of the total thickness of the floor.
[6] Technical data sheets.
Information on http://www.litepodlahy-zlin.cz/data/files/Akuizol.pdf, http://www.isover.cz/en/technical-data-sheets, http://www.isover.cz/technicke-listy, http://www.pavatex.co.uk/en/products/floor/pavapor/, http://www.rockwool.cz/technicka-podpora/prospekty-a-technicke-listy [7] MCMULLAN, Randall.

This indicates that stress superposition and friction reduction alone cannot explain the reduction in load.
(a) (b) Fig. 3 Measured mean force-displacement data for ultrasonic upsetting a D0 = 40 mm Plasticine specimen under (a) 1 second of longitudinal and (b) 10seconds of radial ultrasonic die oscillations.
The thermal and mechanical property data obtained from experimental tests are included in the program, as shown in Fig. 4.
A reduced kinematic value of the coefficient of friction, to simulate the reduction in friction during ultrasonic loading, was selected on a basis that resulted in the minimum difference between the experimental and numerical data.
(a) (b) Figure 6 (a) measured mean compression force and (b) FE predicted compression force vs. die displacement curve during ultrasonic upsetting, inset (b) shows a comparison of predicted (…) and measured () data during superimposed vibration.

Research on the Potential of Resource Saving and Emission Reducing of Papermaking Industry in China: Based on Environment Learning Curve Yafen Han College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Su Zhou University, Anhui Province, China, 234000 Email: hanyafen2008@163.com Keywords: Papermaking industry; Environmental load; Environmental learning curve Abstract: This paper uses sectional data to analyse the structure of papermaking industry and its environmental influence.
In the other hand, this paper uses statistical data in 1992-2010, and takes the energy and water consumption, waste gas, SO2, mist and dust, waste water, COD, the solid waste discharge per 104 RMB Yuan as indexes.
Organization of the Text 1 Data Source and Research Method 1.1 Data source Based on data from China energy statistics Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook, this paper collect the relevant data from 1992 to 2010 of resources consumption and environmental pollution in detail, and select nine indices, which include energy consumption, water consumption, SO2 discharge, COD discharge, waste water,waste gas, the solid waste discharge, mist and dust per 104 RMB Yuan, to reflect the influence of economic development on resource-environment system.
, cost reduction, enhancement production efficiency through the producer improves technique of production and operating procedure unceasingly by study and experience's accumulation[6].
Revelation from the best available technology to energy saving and discharge reduction in China paper industry[J].

The data error between the calculated result and the original experiment one is less than 5%, so the calculation precision meets the requirements.
Especially for the latter, if used properly, can be obtained the data by computer simulation which are usually only need to use complicated and expensive measurement.
In which, Calculate / animation parameter is single point calculation, Data storage space is 1440deg, The calculation time step control is 30ms, Output data between is 5CA °, The calculated maximum regional is 14400CA °, Hybrid external mixing style, Gasoline calorific value is 43500KJ/kg, theoretical air fuel ratio is 14.7, 燃烧模型韦伯模型 The combustion model is Weibull model, and the Webb constant is 6.5.
As can be seen, the calculation results error does not exceed 5% with test data, simulation results and test results are good agreement, indicating that this model can be used for parameter optimization calculation of the engine.
shut angle and small exhaust advance angle makes its power and torque reduction.

Due to the target’s structure and the viewing angle, multi-angle scan are demanded to cover target’s whole surface, which means data got from different directions need to be spliced together.
This method is accurate and reliable with the test of aircrafts data.
However, because of the linear propagation and complicated surface of objects, the scanner can only obtain parts of the surface data in one viewing angle.
Kd-tree is used to store and search the data.
(9) Results and Analysis The point cloud data we used are shown in Figure5.

The dynamic field parameters calculated with the HBM are used as input data for the computation of the SIF through the VCCT.
In the proposed procedure, the dynamic forces and displacements calculated with the HBM at specific nodes of the ROM of the system are used as input data for the computation of the SIF through the VCCT.
As shown in Fig.3 and according to the value reported in Table 1, the HBM permits to achieve very accurate displacement and force fields with a drastic reduction of the computational time.
Implicit solver ABAQUS HBM+VCCT Reduction ratio Computational time [s] 93600 158 ~600 Calculation of SIF is then performed with the VCCT, starting from the displacement and force fields obtained with the HBM.
It was found that a reduction factor of about 600 in terms of computational time can be achieved with the proposed procedure with no loss of accuracy.

One additional goal of the study is to obtain a consistent reference data basis - by using the developed tools to analyze existing aircraft - prior to use these tools in new designs with the features of low speed, low wing loading and low power.
Regarding this, an overall picture of the flight power reduction, since the first successful aircraft designs is the point of interest.
Airfoil data from [17] are taken as additional information.
The tool to obtain propeller thrust and power coefficients Ct and Cp is based on the “blade element” and the “momentum change” theories [16]; the main input are the geometric data and presumed airfoil shapes of each aircraft.
It can be noticed through this figure the reduction in the drag coefficient CD from 1890-1910 aircraft to Condor and Solar Challenger.

We bring together a large body of experimental data that includes the size of more than 30,000 grains obtained from 23 thin film samples of Al and Cu with thicknesses in the range of 25 to 158 nm.
A large body of experimental data is compared with the results of two dimensional simulations of grain growth with isotropic boundary energy.
Experiment and Simulation Fig. 1 – Probability densities for reduced grain area for the experimental data for Al and Cu films (filled circles), for two dimensional simulations with isotropic boundary energy (open diamonds), and two dimensional simulations with anisotropic boundary energy (open inverted triangles).
Surface Energy and Elastic Strain Energy: In thin films, driving forces other than grain boundary energy reduction can promote the growth of grains.
The raw grain area data from Frost et al.’s simulations are not available to the authors, and, as a result, it is not possible to compare their results directly with the probability densities shown in Fig. 1.

Environmental safety analysis for slope under the situation with and without load on top surface Keping Chen1, a, Jinyuan Liu2,b and Bingxiang Yuan3,c 1School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University,Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China 2Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University,350 Victoria Street, Canada 3School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,730000, China achenkepingcsu@126.com, bJinyuanliu2011@126.com, cBingxiangyuan21@126.com Keywords: slope; loading; stability; strength reduction; dilation angle Abstract.
The above works are mainly done to analyze the safety factor of slope, while with little consideration of the variation of slip plane as well as the interaction of cohesion, friction angle and dilation angle; so in the present paper, the dilatancy effect of slope under the situation with and without load on top surface are discussed by strength reduction method (SRM).
The safety factor of slope is calculation by strength reduction method (SRM), which is widely applied in numerical analysis [2]; and the convergence of calculation is chosen to define the failure of slope.
So the boundary of these two parts can be defined as the slip plane, and the data of the boundary is obtained by FISH program.
Two-dimensional slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium and strength reduction methods.