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(1) Where: ρ is the soil density(kg/m3); Cp is the heat capacity of soil(J/(kg•˚C)); is the internal heat source strength of the material(W/m3); fs is the solid fraction; k is the thermal conductivity of materials(W/(m•˚C)) ; L is the soil freezing or melt phase change latent heat(J/kg); T is the phase transformation zone node temperature(˚C)
Acknowledge This project was funded by project Western transportation construction science and Technology (2011318223630).
References: [1] QingBai WU and Chan Tong: Permafrost Change and Stability of Qinghai-Tibet Highway (JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY ANDG EOCRYOLOGY, China 1995).
[5] Jianzhong PEI, Mingjian DOU, Changshun HU, Binggang WANG: Influence factors of embankment longitudinal cracks in permafrost regions (Journal of Chang ’an University (Natural Science Edition), 2007).
(In Chinese) [6] Jianbing Chen, Shuangjie WANG, Jinzhao HANG, Wei MA: Formation and mechanism of high sub-grade diseases of Qinghai Tibet highway (Journal of Chang ’an University (Natural Science Edition), 2008).

A novel biomass cardanol sulfonate surfactant was synthesized using cardanol and oleum as raw materials, dichloromethane as solvent.
Based on the characteristics of large-scale and perfect substitutability of product, biological materials are regarded as alternative energy [1].
Conclusions (1) The cardanol sulfonate was synthesized using biomass cardanol as raw materials, NaOH as saponifier dichloromethane as solvent.
Porter: Journal of Surfactants and Detergents Vol. 12 (2009), p. 337-344
Dantas Neto: Colloid Polymer Science Vol. 287 (2009), p. 81–87

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The Microstructure and Properties of Extruded Mg-Nd-Gd-Zn-Zr Alloy Yongdong Xu1,2,a, Shengsun Hu1,b, Jingjiang Nie 2,c, Jun Wang2,d, Rong Wang2,e, Xiurong Zhu2,f (1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China) (2Ningbo Branch of China Ordnance Academy, Ningbo, China) a ydxu108@163.com, b huss@tju.edu.cn, c jingjiangnie@126.com, d naffion@163.com, e wangrong52s@163.com, f zxr0922@163.com, Keywords: microstructure; property; extrusion; aging; precipitate; dislocation.
Introduction Mg-base alloys with rare earth (RE) as lightweight materials are attractive due to the high strength, good corrosion resistance and heat resistance performance[1~5].
[3] Li Jie-hua, Jie Wanqi, Yang Guangyi, Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 10 (2008), p1751, in Chinese
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Experimental Materials The sugarcane bagasse was provided by Fengshou sugar factory in Zhanjiang, China.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Hainan Natural Science Foundation (No.2012019) and National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CATAS (No.1610032012021).
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Assume the cross-sectional shapes of the composite sandwich structure to be square and two kinds of core material to be same.
[3] Huadong Li, Xi Zhu and Zhiyuan Mei: Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Nature Science Edition) Vol. 38(2010), p. 119-123, in Chinese
[4] YU Wang, Wei Zhang, Hongxin Hua etal: Journal of Vibration and Shock Vol. 29(2010), p. 64-68, in Chinese
[6] Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institute of Mechanics: Bending, Stability and Vibration of Sandwich Plate(Beijing Science Press, Beijing 1977), in Chinese
[7] Jiabo Qiu, Zhiyuan Mei and Huadong Li: Journal of Sichuan Ordnance Vol. 32(2011), p. 113-116, in Chinese

Simulate was not metal plasticity model, but it should be in accordance with material property data, defined elasticity stage and plastic stage.
The precision and result of material property were controlled well.
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When the rock is studied as a kind of mechanical materials, the mechanical property and permeability characteristic are mainly controlled by the discontinuity surface network [1].
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Experimental curve Acknowledgments This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51305171), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130525), Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (13KJB460006), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2011M500858) and Foundation of Jiangsu University (10JDG123).
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