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The Origins of Nanotechnology in Latvia STAUBE Tatjana1,a, CIEMLEJA Guna1,a and GEIPELE Ineta1,a 1 Riga Technical University, Institute of Civil Engineering and Real Estate Economics  Kalnciema Street, 6 - 210, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia a tatjana.staube@rtu.lv (Corresponding Author) Keywords: Advanced technologies, Emerging technologies, Innovation, Legal environment for the advanced technologies in Latvia, Nanotechnology in Latvia, Smart specialisation Abstract.
Purpose of the current Paper is to provide a review on the legal fundamentals in creating a local scientific environment for development of the advanced technologies in Latvia.
Introduction In the scientific and professional literature a broad attention is devoted to the „analysis of emerging technologies” [1] or “advanced technologies”.
The knowledge fields to be promoted are development of smart specialisation strategies: smart materials, technologies and engineering systems, smart energy, information and communication technologies as well as KETs identified by the European Commission – nanotechnologies, micro- and nano-electronics, photonics, advanced materials and manufacturing systems, industrial biotechnology.
Within the further research it is planned to provide an assessment of the nanoscience indicators and analytical economic evaluation of the presented in the local market advanced technologies.

Preface Dear Readers, the issue "Surface Engineering and Materials in Mechanical Engineering" of periodical "Materials Science Forum" summarizes papers with focus on surfaces, coatings and corrosion processes.
This topic covers following areas:  advanced materials and trends in the formation of new surfaces and coatings,  advanced technology in surface engineering, technology of surface preparation and cleaning,  surface treatment technology of construction materials,  test methods in surface treatment,  evaluation of surfaces generated by conventional and non-conventional technology,  degradation corrosion processes and corrosion protection of materials,  loading of surfaces and coatings - triboprocesses.
This publication is realized by Department of Mechanical Technology and Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Slovakia.
The issue "Surface Engineering and Materials in Mechanical Engineering" contains scientific results from universities and research institutes of some European countries.
The publication is divided into five following chapters:  Surface Topography and Coatings  Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Properties of Materials  Surface Treatment of Wood  Technological Properties of Materials for Mechanical Engineering  Plastics and Composites All research results contained in papers contribute to expansion of knowledge database in the area of surface engineering.

As a kind of intelligent advanced language, it is an organic whole which has formula derivation, numerical calculation, excellent graphics processing and data analysis function.
Forum Vol. 09(1994). p.677~682
Forum Vol. 06(1995), p.262~267
[6] Fang Zongde, Yang Hongbing:Tooth Contact Analysis of Hypoid Gear Drives, Automotive Engineering, Forum Vol. 06(1998), p.350～355
[7] Chu Kaiyan, Yan Limin:Interface Between Visual C and MATLAB and Its Implementation, Computer Engineering, Forum Vol. 12(2000), p.165-166.

Sukadarin, "Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevalence during Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches Harvesting Using RULA," in Advanced Engineering Forum (2013)110-115
Nordin, "Assessment of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches Harvesters Working Postures Using Reba," in Advanced Engineering Forum (2013) 122-127
Mohamad, "Investigation of Ergonomics Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorders among Oil Palm Workers Using Quick Exposure Check (QEC)," in Advanced Engineering Forum (2013) 103-109
Jiang, "Virtual Simulation Evaluation of the Human-Computer Interface of a Display and Control Device," in Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE), 2010 International Conference on (2010) 2532-2535
Satapathy, "Anthropometric considerations of farm tools/machinery design for tribal workers of northeastern India," Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, vol. 12 (2010)

Dicing Process for 4H-SiC Wafers by Plasma Etching Using High-Pressure SF6 Plasma with Metal Masks Yasuhisa Sano1,a*, Yuma Nakanishi1,b, Masaaki Oshima1,c, Shunto Iden1,d, Jumpei Yamada2,e, Daisetsu Toh1,f, and Kazuto Yamauchi1,2,g 1Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan 2Research Center for Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan asano@prec.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, bnakanishi@up.prec.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, coshima@up.prec.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, diden@up.prec.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, eyamada@prec.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, ftoh@prec.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp, gyamauchi@prec.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp Keywords: plasma etching, dicing, metal mask, plasma chemical vaporization machining.
To consider the cause of the decrease, electrostatic field calculations were performed using EStat (Advanced Science Laboratory.
Forum 717-720 (2012) 865-868
Forum 740-742 (2013) 813-816
Forum. 778-780 (2014) 759-762

The flow through a porous medium is of crucial significance in biomedical engineering, groundwater hydrology, advanced filtration, oil innovation, powder metallurgy, and clay fabricating.
Divya, Hanumesh Vaidya, Peristaltic transport of two-layered blood flow using Herschel-Bulkley model, Cogent Engineering, 5 (2018) 1495592
Materials Science and Engineering, 263 (2017) 062027
Rajashekhar, Slip effects on peristaltic transport of Casson fluid in an inclined elastic tube with porous walls, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 43 (2018) 67-80
Prasad, Peristaltic flow of Herschel-Bulkley fluid in an elastic tube with slip at porous walls, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 52 (2018) 63-75

Addition of Ornamental Stone Waste to Improve Distinct Formulations of Clayey Ceramics Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira1,a, Thiago Samarão Motta1,b, Veronica Scarpini Candido2,c and Sergio Neves Monteiro2,d 1State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro, UENF, Advanced Materials Laboratory, LAMAV; Av.
Alberto Lamego, 2000, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. 2Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering - IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Praia Vermelha, Urca, RJ, CEP 22290-270, Urca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Forum Vols 727-728 (2012), p. 809
Forum 798-799 (2014), p. 269
Forum Vols 798-799 (2014), p. 548

Preface This volume contains a collection of papers from jointly organized International Conferences: 4th Conference on Environmental Degradation of Engineering Materials and 5th Conference on Materials Engineering and Technologies (EDEMET 2011) which were held in Gdańsk, Poland, from 15 to 18 May 2011.
The Conference provides a forum for materials scientists and engineers from throughout the world interested in the environmental degradation of materials and materials technologies.
The purpose of this collection is to disseminate the latest developments in the field of environmental degradation of structural materials, hydrogen degradation, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen and corrosion fatigue, experimental and modeling of the environmental-assisted cracking, advanced materials technologies, case studies of material failure in various industrial applications.

Right now, lots of applications were found in offshore engineering, hydraulic engineering and railway engineering.
It is widely used in aerospace engineering, civil engineering, water engineering and offshore engineering right now [1-3].
FRP-bridge design method based on the equivalence of complex physical quantities.The Second International Forum on Advances in Structural Engineering, Dalian, 2008.10 [4] Y.C.
Strengthening of structures with advanced FRPs.
Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials. 1998.

Materials Science Forum Vols. *** (2004) pp.243-247 online at http://scientific.net  2004 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Two Kinds of Al2O3/SiC Nanocomposites H.L.
Sun 1,d 1 Centre for Advanced Jet Engineering Technologies (CaJET), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, PR China 2 School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Medical Engineering, Quensland University of Technology, Brisbane Qld. 4001, Australia a lhl70@sdu.edu.cn, bchuanzhenh@sdu.edu.cn, cj.wang@qut.edu.au, dsj2912@vip.sina.com Keywords: Nano-scale Al2O3, Nano-scale SiC, Microstructure, Mechanical properties Abstract.
Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology 244 Fabrication of the Ceramic Materials.
Compared with the micro-scale monolithic alumina ceramics (flexural strength 350MPa and fracture toughness 3.5 MPa⋅m1/2)[1], the mechanical properties of AS and AAS advanced materials are all improved, especially the flexural strength.
Conclusions Two kinds of advanced nanocomposites (AAS and AS) were fabricated at 1700℃ and 1550℃ respectively, compared with the monolithic alumina ceramics, the flexural strength of the two composites was greatly improved and the fracture toughness was also increased to a certain extent.