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[4] LIU Wei-ping: Journal of Safety Science and Technology, Vol.3 (2007), p.107
Filippov: Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.77 (2000), p.43
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Tested Specimens and Materials A total of two rectangular reinforced concrete beams were investigated,one reinforced with steel bars(L0),one reinforced with CFRP bars(L1).More details of the test beams are shown in table 1.
References [1] YE L P，FENG P.Applications and development of fiber -reinfor ced polymer in engineering structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(3):24-36
[2] DU Q,CAI M T,ZHANG X M,Separate finite element modeling of RC beams with externally bonded CFRP plates[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(7):11-14,33
[3] ZHAO Z P,WANG X C,YUAN Y H,et al.Analyzing the stiffness of RC beams strengthened with bottom bonded CFRP[J].Sichuan Building Science,2008,34(1):73-75
[4] LI C C,CONG Y M,YU B,et al.Simulation calculation of concrete structure strengthened with CFRP sheet[J].Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,2008,29(2):32-35

Introduction One of the complexities of the mechanical behavior of quasi-brittle materials lies in the diversity of damage and failure modes in various stress states.
A traditional volumetric-deviatoric split of the strain is featured in many kinds of constitutive models for quasi-brittle materials and has been playing an important role in microplane models since Bažant and Prat [[] Z.P.
Prat, “Microplane model for brittle-plastic material.
I: Theory“, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, vol. 114, 1988 p.1672–1688. ].
Acknowledgements Financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51108336, 51378377) are greatly appreciated.

The material of dynamite is described by the model and state equation.
Fig.4 The finite element Null material model provided in LS-DYNA, can describe the liquid material (water and air) by the key words *MAT_NULL[6].
References [1] A.Neuberger, S.Peles, D.Rittel: International Journal of Impact Engineering.
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EDM is a process widely used in industry to generate micro-holes in hard, electrically conductive work-materials [5-7] and there are big processes in machining precision and small scale with the development of Micro EDM; however, there is still room for improvement in terms of machining efficiency and precision.
Cemented carbide materials used as tools and structural components play an important role in modern industry by virtue of their unique combination of hardness, strength and wear resistance [14].
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture Vol46 (2006) , P.1996–2008 [6] T.
Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems Vol11 (2) (2002), P. 102–110
International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials Vol24(2006), P.162–167.

Methods of determining peak workability temperature Θp.w. by its dependance of processed material’s properties on temperature Thus, optimal conditions for processing for both tool and processed materials will be created if the temperatures Θ m.e. and Θ p.w. match.
Vasilega, Method of Evaluation of Quality of Metal-Cutting Tool, Applied Mechanics and Materials. 379 (2013) 49-55
Vasilega, Improvement of efficiency of modular tooling systems application based on qualimetric evaluation, World Applied Sciences Journal. 25 (9) (2013) 1275-1279
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Osman, Correlations amongst Process Parameters in Metal Cutting and their Use for Establishing the Optimum Cutting Speed, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 62 (1996) 175-179

Studies on the vibro-acoustic characteristic of cylindrical hull structure with damping materials have been carried out by domestic and overseas scholars.
Article [2] presents a vibration and sound radiation experiment of a double hull cylindrical shell structure covered with decoupling material.
Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1995, 186(5): 723~742
:Journal of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 2011, 39(4): 106-109.
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Introduction For lots of advantages of concrete pipe pile,such as short construction period,high strength,guaranteed quality,easy detection, low cost,et,al,it has been used in civil engineering widly.According to achievements in stress which decline fastly form pile top to tip of pile foundation[1-3], it is obviorous waste to design cross-section of pile as uniform cross-section which can not function bearing ability of pile body material adequately.For function adequately the advantages on construction of pipe pile,improving efficiency of material and declining construction cost,step cross-section pipe pile which is connected by two or more concrete pipes with different diameters is put forward by our research group.There are a lot research fruits on compaction effect of jacked pipe pile by at home and abroad.
not reach position of valialbe cross-section,penetration resistances of setp cross-section piles are lower than unimate cross-section piles by comparing 1# pile and 2# pile with 3# pile and 4# pile respectively.After penetrtion depth reach position of valiable section,the penetration resistances of setp cross-section piles are higher than unimate cross-section pile and have 14.3 percent and 13.3 percent increase respectively.Thirdly,comparing curves of 1# pile to 5# pile,there are found that the maximum penetration resistances are 10540N,8000N,11810N, 9110N and 8320N respectively and the penetration resistances per unit volume are 0.652 N/cm3 , 0.674 N/cm3,0.716N/cm3,0.746 N/cm3 and 0.776 N/cm3 respectively.Finally,if the ratio of diameter difference of big and small pipe and average diameter of setp cross-section pipe pile is defined as valialbe section ratio,the valialble section ratios of 3# to 5# piles are 0.286,0.333 and 0.545 respectively and it is obvirous that the efficiency of material
Acknowledgements This work is financially supported by national natural science foundation of china(project No. 51208194) and natural science foundation of hunan province(project No. 2015JJ5017).
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Experimental techniques Materials.
Results and Discussion Materials.
Microstructure of the analyzed materials.
Svensson: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science Vol. 38 (2007), p. 840
Pulos: Materials Characterization Vol. 59 (2008), p. 1572

During hard and brittle materials grinding, two major crack patterns, such as median cracks and lateral cracks, often have been observed in ground subsurface.
Some other researchers considered that the material-removal mechanism of brittle materials were relative to material pulverization and reconsolidated power regime [3-5].
Acknowledgement This project is sponsored by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China on "Study on Grinding Mechanism and Related Technology of Nanostructured Material" (No.50275051).
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