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The role of grain surfaces and interfaces in nanocrystalline materials is investigated by Xray diffraction (XRD).
Introduction The key role played by surfaces and interfaces in determining the properties of nano-scale materials is widely recognised [1]1.
In spite of that, conventional XRD methods do not explicitly consider effects related to the nanostructure and to the large surface/volume ratio typical of nanoscale materials.
Two main research fields, namely X-ray Residual Stress Analysis (XRSA) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (PD), can allow a better understanding of properties and behaviour of materials if grain surfaces and interfaces are properly considered.
Texture analysis in materials science, (1982) London: Butterworths

The materials were a chip type having about 4mm length and 1.5mm thickness.
These materials had a suitable friction between the material and a screw inside a cylinder and easy to melt the material.
The materials in a cylinder and a screw were changed as the tool steel taking the special heat treatment.
Zhou : Tensile and fatigue behavior of AZ91D Magnesium alloy : Journal of Metals Science Letters 20(2001), p. 457 [4] F.
Regev 'Review of creep behavior AZ91 Mg alloy produced by different technologies' Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 17, pp 627~ 638, June 2000 [7] I.

Intelligent Modeling of Injection Molding Process Based on PLS-NN Xiaofang Suna,*, Qian Hub, Mengfei Zhouc, Haitian Pand College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China azgdsxf@zjut.edu.cn, bhgzdhhq@126.com, cmfzhou@zjut.edu.cn, dhtpan@zjut.edu.cn Keywords: Injection molding; Quality prediction; Partial least-squares regression; Neural networks; Mean absolute percentage error Abstract.
As we known that the molding parameters determine the flow state of melt in the molding chamber, defects of properties of molding materials, injection machine and mold design could be compensated by appropriate parameter set.
Next section lists the materials used in experiment and describes the experiment design.
Experiment Design Materials.
Cho: International Journal of Production Research Vol. 43(2005), p.3209 [13] D.

Materials and methods Sampling collection.
Li: Journal of Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology, Vol. 41 (2013), p. 41-43.
Hu: Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science, Vol. 30 (2011), p. 1087-1093.
Han: Journal of Henan University (Natural Science), Vol. 39 (2009), p. 382-386.
Wang: Journal of Guizhou Normal University Natural Science Edition.

Results In total, 50 prey items were recorded in breeding season diet of Long-legged Buzzard. 13 species (including homing pigeon), that is, three species of mammals, seven birds, three reptiles were identified from study materials for diet analysis.
Schoener: Science Vol.185(1974), p. 27-39
Laybourne: Journal of Raptor Research Vol.28(1994), p.192-193
Marquiss: Journal of Zoology Vol.982(1971), p.221-240
Ikeda: Journal of Raptor Research Vol.29(1995), p.267-269.

Analyzing the vibration system with time-varying mass Yan Zhu 1,a, Shulin Wang 2,b 1Department of Automobile Engineering, University of Military Transportation, TianJin 300161, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China a zylzl@163.com , b wangshul@online.sh.cn Keywords: vibration analysis; vibration with time–varying mass; parametric excited vibration; vibration design Abstract: Considering that impact motion is not only a function of time but also dependent on phase-angle, we suppose the non-linear response of the vibro-impact system with time-varying mass is a function dependent not only on different time scale but also on the phase parameter.
References [1] S.L.Wang,M.Q.Liu,Y.Q.Hu,et al: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,Vol.33 (1997) , p.19-25
[2] L.Cveticanin, in: Dynamics of Machines with variable mass, Gordon and Breach Science Publisher Australia(1998)
Hiamang, R.E.Mickens: Journal of Sound and Vibration,Vol.164(1993),p.179-181 [7] Y.Zhu, S.L.Wang: Journal of vibration and shock, Vol. 26 (2007) ,p.156-158 [8] S.L.Wang: Progress in Natural Science, Vol.12 (2002) , p.336-341

The whole thermosyphon is covered by the insulation material.
Because the thermosyphon is surrounded by the insulation material, the heat loss is able to be ignored.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to express the sincere appreciation for supports of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51106089) and Shandong Provincial Program of Science and Technology Development (Grant No. 2007GG1HZ06004) References [1] Khalid A.
Nowee, Heat transfer enhancement using Al2O3/water nanofluid in a two-phase closed thermosyphon, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 30 (4) (2009) 700-705
Faghri, Heat Pipe Science and Technology, Taylor & Francis, Washington DC, USA, 1995, p. 341.

Murphy and MetinSitti designed a wall-climbing robot “Waalbot” which uses flat adhesive elastomeric materials for attachment [5].
Journal of Bionic Engineering. 4 (2) 91-95
Journal of Bionic Engineering. 4 (4) 193-199
Journal of Bionic Engineering. 3 (3) 115-125
Industrial Robot: An International Journal. 36(4) 326–330.

The concrete material of the slab is the C40.
Acknowledgements The writers are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants. 51178366), the technology project of the China Southern Power Grid Co.
Thermal actions for concrete bridge design [J], Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, 1993, 119 (8): 2313-2331
Temperature variation in concrete bridges[J], Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE, 1983, 109 (10): 2355-2374
Control of thermal cracking of concrete structures[J], ACI Journal, 1995, (7): 435-450

The luminous concrete was made by doping phosphors into the raw concrete materials.
It must be combined with other materials in order to have an effect [4-5].
It is an important class of long-lasting light-emitting materials [5-6].
Experiment Materials and Equipment.
Journal of East China Jiaotong University, vol.27 (4) (2010), p. 1-6 [7] Guohua Chen: Rare Earth Ion Activation Long Afterglow Luminescence Materials is reviewed.