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Introduction Semiconducting chalcogenides are materials which have attracted a great deal of interest.
[8] Gangqiang Zhu, Peng Liu, Jianping Zhou, Xiaobing Bian, Xiaobo Wang, Jiao Li, Bin Chen, Materials Letters 62 (2008) 2335-2338
[10] Anukorn Phuruangrat, Titipun Thongtem, Somchai Thongtem, Materials Letters 63 (2009) 1496-1498
[12] Guangjian Xing, Zhenjian Feng, Guanghua Chen, Wang Yao, Xuemei Song, Materials Letters 57 (2003) 4555-4559
[20] Lihong Dong , Ying Chu , Wei Zhang, Materials Letters 62 (2008) 4269-4272 [21] Juan Lu, Qiaofeng Han, Xujie Yang, Lude Lu, Xin Wang, Materials Letters 61 (2007) 3425-3428 [22] Xuebo Caoa, Xianmei Lana, Cui Zhaoa, Wenjun Shena, Dan Yaoa, Weijian Gao, Journal of Crystal Growth 306 (2007) 225-232.

Taufiq-Yap 1,2,b 1Centre of Excellence for Catalysis Science and Technology, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Biogas is one of the bio-energy resources produced by an aerobic degradation process of organic materials (biomass) consisting of the two GHG, CH4 and CO2 [6].
Chou: Chemical Engineering Journal 148 (2009), p. 539-545
Wang: Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 120 (2009), p. 421-425
Chen: Journal of Power Sources 196 (2011), p. 186-190

Introduction Rock is a multiphase material composed of several kinds of mineral grains, cements, micro-pores and cracks.
Mechanics of Materials, Vol.37(2005), p.231-259
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.22(2003), p.1581-1585
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol.37(2000), p.143-160
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and, Engineering, Vol.21(2001), p.940-947.

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Science and Technology Foundation of Yunnan Province (No. 2009CD004) and Foundation of Yunnan Educational Committee (No. 09Y0038) for the financial support.
Materials Research Bulletin, 2007, 42(7) : 1188- 1194
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2007,185: 32-37
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 165:511-517
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2010, 52(1):113-124

Grandini: Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. 34 (2014), p. 354
Caram: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials Vol. 32 (2014), p. 31
Nakano: Materials Science and Engineering: C Vol. 31 (2011), p. 1436
Semiatin: Materials Science and Engineering A Vol. 243 (1998), p. 46
Grandini: Materials Science and Engineering: A Vol. 528 (2011), p. 3326

Nogi, Tensile properties and fracture locations of friction-stir-welded joints of 2017-T351 aluminum alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 142 (2003) 692–696
Huber, Asymmetric mechanical properties and tensile behavior prediction of aluminium alloy 5083 friction stir welding joints, Materials Science & Engineering A 565 (2013) 44–50 [5].
Mishra, and Z.Y.Ma,Friction stir welding and processing, Materials Science and Engineering R (2005)50 1–78
Zhou, Tensile properties and strain-hardening behavior of double-sided arc welded and friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy, Materials Science and Engineering A 527 (2010) 2951–2961 [8].
Ikeda, Hall_/Petch relationship in friction stir welds of equal channel angular-pressed aluminum alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A354 (2003) 298-/305 [9].

Materials and Experimental Method Specimen preparation and heat treatment.
EM31 was procured from standard materials supplier for experimentation.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of NST 37-2 steel.Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering. 10 (2011)299–308
Key Engineering Materials. 324 (2006) pp. 907-910.
In Key Engineering Materials 689, pp. 7-11.

Currently, rotating structures and their elements are increasingly made of polymer materials.
Introduction Polymer materials have won a confident niche in various industries, for example, medicine, construction, pipe-rolling industry and many others.
Tjong, Preparation and mechanical and tribological properties of high-density polyethylene, Journal of Macromolecular Science.7 (2011) 1325-1337
Litvinov, The task of thermoviscoplastic for multilayer inhomogeneous polymeric cylinder, New polymer composite materials. (2007) 27-32
Dudnik, Optimization of the solution of a flat problem of a polymeric cylindrical body in a thermoviscoelastic formulation, New polymer composite materials. (2017) 246-253.

Materials and Methods Palm Ash.
Palm ash from local palm oil mill was used as raw materials to produce silica materials.
“High-purity Amorphous Silica Originated in Rice Husks via Carboxylic Acid Leaching Process”, Journal of Materials Science, 43, 7084-7090
“Review of Extraction of Silica from Agricultural Wastes using Acid Leaching Treatment”, Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 626, 997-1000
“Effect of Nitric Acid Digestion on Organic Materials and Silica in Rice Husk”, J.

The Research of Biological Method Degradation on Cooking Fume Wenwan Meng1,a, Lei Liao1,b, Feichao Zhao1,c, Zhenzhou Wei1,d 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541006, China awenwan88726@163.com , bfangqiu2001@163.com, czhaofeichao@yahoo.com.cn dweizhenzhou12@163.com Keywords: Fume pollutant, Biological method, Degradation rate, Microbial biomass Abstract.
Material and Instrument Main reagent and solution.
Acknowledgments This experiment was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (50968005, 2103005), Guangxi key laboratory director fund project (0901Z009), Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education (2010105960830M27),Guangxi university elitist aid planning project (Guangxi teaches (2010) No.65) .
References [1] Lei Liao, Gongwang Qian:submitted to Journal of China Environmental Science (in Chinese,2006) [2] Lei Liao, Xuemei Zhong and Gongwang Qian:submitted to Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (in Chinese, 2004) [3] Pang SW, Allan Wong:submitted to Journal of Better Air Quality in Asian and Pacific Rim Cities (2002) [4] Zhiping Wang, Lianying Zheng and Jianquan Xu:submitted to Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (in Chinese, 2006) [5] Lianying Zheng, Jianyu Miao and Xiaofen Guo:submitted to Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (in Chinese, 2004) [6] Lianying Zheng, Jianyu Miao:submitted to Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association (in Chinese, 2003) [7] Yanling Ma:submitted to Journal of Environmental Engineering (in Chinese, 2009)