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The physical and mechanical properties of the materials such as the design, form of production, microstructure, and surface conditions of the material determine the severity of the damage [2].
However, these factors are not the only ones that play a role in this process [12-13].
It is, thus, important to study the fatigue behaviour for the estimation of the changes in the cumulative damage and the properties of the material.
The data for the fatigue properties are commonly collected from experimental tests as well as analytical or numerical models [20].
Furthermore, there is a decrease in fatigue life as the rate of oxidation increases, affecting the mechanical properties.

Investigation on Strain Films in the Thin Film Resistance Strain Gauge Rongfa Chen 1,2,a, Dunwen Zuo 1,a, Yuli Sun 1,a , Duosheng Li1,a, Wenzhuang Lu1,a and Min Wang 1,a 1 Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China, 210016 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 225009 a chenrf@nuaa.edu.cn Keywords: Nichrome thin film, Thin film resistance strain gauge; Electromechanical properties.
Some results concerning the electromechanical and structural properties of nichrome (Ni80Cr20 wt.%) thin films are presented.
We present some results concerning the electromechanical properties of nichrome (Ni80Cr20 wt.%) thin films.
The gauge factors of the films were determined using the 'Cantilever Technique'.
Conclusion The electromechanical properties of sputter deposited nichrome (Ni80Cr20 wt.%) film were studied.

The Effect of Particle Size on the Electromechanical Properties of PZT/PVDF X.F.
However, the high density and mechanical stiffness limited their applications.
Much attention has been paid to many aspects that affect the properties of the composites.
Then all of the powders have the same physical properties, such as particle porosity and especially crystalline size etc.
After poling, the composites were aged for at least 24h prior to measuring the dielectric and piezoelectric properties.

Experimental Investigation of the Flammable Properties and Factors of Wooden Products Exposed to the Fire Impact DUBININ Dmytro1,a*, LISNIAK Andrei1,b, SHEVCHENKO Serhii1,c, GAPONENKO Yuri1,d 1National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine, 94, Chernishevska str., Kharkiv, 61023, Ukraine adybinin@nuczu.edu.ua, bptarr@nuczu.edu.ua, cshevchenkosn@nuczu.edu.ua, dgaponenkoyurii66@gmail.com Keywords: thermal decomposition, pyrolysis zone, char layer, depth of char, OSB and WPB.
Consideration was given to the issue of the integrated evaluation of the flammable properties and factors of wooden products (Oriented Strand Boards, OSB and Wood Particle Boards, WPB) as basic flammable construction materials exposed to the action of fire.
It should be noted that the composition and properties of pyrolysis products are primarily affected by the type of wood and its quality, the size of the raw material particles and the initial moisture content in the raw material, the rate of heating, the time of exposure of the raw material to any given temperature, final heating temperature, the circulation rate of the gas flow through the wooden layer and other factors.
Summary Experimental investigations were carried out to determine the flammable properties and factors of wooden products (OSB and WPB) exposed to the fire impact.
Danchenko et al., Research into surface properties of disperse fillers based on plant raw materials, Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5/12 (89) (2017) 20–26

The joining of these dissimilar metals using any other conventional welding process is extremely challenging due to varying physical, chemical, thermal properties, the formation of the heat affected zone and lesser bond strength.
The domain of factors with their ranges are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Experimental domain of input parameters Factors Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6 Amplitude (µm) 47 54 60 68 ... ...
The various properties of the base metals are portrayed in Table 2.
Effect of zinc coatings on joint properties and interfacial reactions in aluminum to steel ultrasonic spot welding.

Preliminary Study on the Mechanical Properties of Continuous Long Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced PLA Biocomposites S.H.
Among the key governing factors that affect the mechanical properties are (i) the content of cellulose in the fiber, (ii) fiber orientation (iii) fiber length and fiber diameter [1].
Mechanical Properties Characterization.
Tensile and Charpy impact tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composites.
Impact properties.

It can be found in numerous engineering areas such as marine, manifolds, motor casings, cast doors, pumping applications due to their properties.
Table 1 Mechanical properties of LM6 [3].
Table 2 Factors and levels selected for the experiments.
It can be concluded that peak current was the main factor affecting MRR, EWR, and Ra.
The others factors such as voltage, pulse on time and pulse off time are less significant in affecting the responses.

It appears that numerous uncertainties affecting estimated resistance can be treated by statistical approaches along with the semi-probabilistic verification method.
NDTs and MDTs are inherently associated with measurement uncertainty that affects the estimates of material properties and may lead to underestimation or overestimation of a true structural resistance.
Table 1 Material properties of iron Type Use Material properties Ref.
Further investigations based on more statistical data for material and geometrical properties and load-bearing capacities of columns are needed to refine values of the partial factors for cast iron structures.
Numerous uncertainties affecting resistance should be treated by probabilistic approaches or by semi-probabilistic methods that are suitable for engineering applications.

The welding　heat from ESW, for example, is considered one of the main factors reducing steel toughness and causing the connections to fracture.
The lack of toughness in base material and the heat from welding processes, for example electroslag welding (ESW), are considered the two main factors causing the connections to fracture.
Material Properties A572 steel is high strength low alloy steel used in a variety of structural applications.
Grain sizes of base material are one of important factors affecting the mechanical properties.
In general, rolling processes reduce plate thickness and grain sizes, improving the mechanical properties such as hardness, toughness and so on.

A piezoelectric generator based on the piezoelectric stacked elements is applied to realize electro- mechanical energy conversion in this paper.
d33 mode piezoelectric element will due to compress and transform only vertical positive pressure affects based external force.
Extern pressure operational factors and partial factors of piezoelectric stacked element are shown as Table 1.
Factors of extern pressure and piezoelectric stacked element.
Development of a finite element model for the identification of mechanical and piezoelectric properties through gradient optimization and experimental vibration data [J].