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For a time sequence of system, Packard et al reconstructed phase space by delay coordinate phase space reconstruction method [7] in order to get more useful information from the time sequence in 1980.
[7] Packard N H,Crutchfield J P,Farmer J D, et al.
[8] Youssef A M, Abdel–Gali T K, El–Saadany E F, et al.

References [1] Gross W A, Matsch L A, Castelli, el al.
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Zhang el al. have introduced hydrothermal synthesis for thioglycolic acid (TGA)-capped CdTe QDs, the fluorescence emissions of which are tunable between 520 and 650nm [3].
The preparation of glutathione-capped ZnCdSe QDs in aqueous solution have achieved by Zheng et al., the QY of the as-prepared GSH-QDs reach up to 50% [5].
Talapin, A.L.

Holcapek O. et al. [1,2] investigated the influence of metakaolin and ground brick dust as an addition to aluminous cement matrix of cement composites.
The Heikal M. et al. [3] tested the addition of fly ash and micro-silica into the matrix.
In the Zuda’s et al. [4] paper, the effect of high temperatures on a length changes of aluminous-silicate composites with two different aggregates was analyzed.
[3] Mohamed Heikal, Sokkary El-Didamony, Ahmed T.

Jung et al. [3] performed experiments using mixture of R290/R600a in ratio of 60/40 by mass fraction in domestic refrigerators reported that COP and energy efficiency improved by 2.3 and 4%.
Mohanraj et al. [4] carried out experimental investigation in a domestic refrigerator originally using R134a replaced by R290/R600a mixture in ratio of 45.2/54.8 by weight, reported an increment in the COP 3.25-3.6%.
Also, the experiment carried out by Rasti et al. [5] reported that the use of R436A as drop-in substitute for R134a in a domestic refrigerator reduces energy consumption per day by 5.3%.
El Kafafi, Assesment of propane/commercial/butane mixtures as possible alternatives to R134a in domestic refrigerators, Energy Convers.

Details of the CVD fabrication process, parameters, and reactor configuration for this composite have been previously described by Liu et al [8].
El-Hija, W.
Pailler, et al.: Ceram.
Zhang, et al.: Aerospace materials & technology, Vol.32 (2002), p. 42.

[3] Miller LD, Long PM, Wong L, et al, Optimal gene expression analysis by microarrays [J], Cancer Cell 2: 353, 2002
[4] Bhattacharjee A, Richards WG, Staunton J, et al, Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses [J], Proc.
[7] Balasubramanian M, Schwartz EL, Tenenbaum JB, de Silva V, Langford JC, The isomap algorithm and topological stability, Science, 295(4): 7a, 2002
[11] http://microarray.princeton.edu/oncology/affydata/index.html [12] Golub TR, Slonim DK, Tamayo P, et al., Molecular classification of cancer: Class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring, Science, 286(5439): 531–537, 1999

Abdid,1 1 Département de Science des Matériaux FGMGP, USTHB, BP32, El- Alia, Bab Ezouar, Alger, Algérie 2 Centre de Soudage et Contrôle, BP. 64, Route de Dely Ibrahim Cheraga, Alger, Algérie awbouarroudji@yahoo.fr, bbouzidi_wahiba@yahoo.fr, cbez11fr@yahoo.fr, dabdi81dz@yahoo.fr Keywords: Friction welding, Aluminum/steel, Insert metal, Interface properties, Properties, Adhesion Abstract.
This communication also aims to demonstrate the feasibility of friction welding of aluminum alloy to AISI 4140 steel using a pure copper powder as interlayer in order to prevent crack formation at the interface Experimental procedures The base metals used in the present study are AlCu alloy (Al-4.% Cu) and commercial available AISI 4140, and the insert metals used are pure copper powder.
- For the piece has a rotating length of 70 mm with a chariotage over a length of 15 mm to have a diameter of 10 mm (Wt%) Materials C Mn P S Si Cr Mo Fe Al Cu Steel AISI 4140 0.40 0.85 0.02 0.03 0.25 1,00 0.20 base - - Aluminum Al Cu - - - - - - - - base 4 Pure Copper - - - - - - - - - base Parameters Sample N (rpm) P1 (MPa) P2 (MPa) t1 (s) t2 (s) AlCu/St - 025 Cu 2500 20 160 1 7 AlCu/St - 05 Cu 2500 20 160 1 12 AlCu/St -075 Cu 2500 20 160 1 17 Fig. 1.
It accelerated the interdiffusion of Al and Cu at the interface.