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Test data had proved that the corrugated webs almost did not produce any positive stress under vertical loads.
(7) Based on Eq.7, Sayed-Ahmed [16] suggests using a strength reduction factor of 0.6–0.7 for the shear strength design of trapezoidal corrugated webs

The experimental impedance data Z(jω)exp may be well approximated by the impedance Z(jω)equiv of an equivalent circuit made up of ideal resistors, capacitors, inductors and various distributed elements.
After 9 weeks, Rp of E03 firstly showed a reduction, and after about 13 to 17 weeks, active corrosion started (Rp < 250 kΩ.cm2) on all other specimens with steel-concrete interface defect.

The data is processed and smoothened using a Matlab script to generate the rms profiles characteristic of the captured signal.
Consequently, magnetic domains with magnetizations closely aligned with the transverse direction undergo a reduction in volume.

The inherent reduction ability of RGO has been utilized to produce the composite structure from the respective precursor ions.
In most applications, data are collected over a selected area of the surface of the sample, and a 2-dimensional image is generated that displays spatial variations in these properties.

If the comparison is made with the data of the cement stabilized steel slag in Table 4, it can be concluded that under the conditions that the cement contents are the same, the strength with the coal ash content of 10% is obviously higher than the strength of cement stabilized steel slag, but the strength with the coal ash content of 20% is lower than the strength of the cement stabilized steel slag.
Similarly, the cracked black brown solid particles that have met water have been found in the cracked cement and coal ash stabilized steel slag test specimen, but the content is obviously lower than the content in cement stabilized steel slag, which should also be due to the reduction of voidage.

At the same time, the reduction of transfer time for passengers in convenience should be also considered that transferring hubs need to be optimized to ensure the efficiency of interchanges and prevent congestion and confusion.
Because urban public transport faces many complex and changeable problems nowadays, the analyses of modern urban transport issues are often based on mathematic model and data analysis.

The data in Figure (6) shows that the tested brick has a high ability to retain moisture when subjected to drying processes (i.e. desorption or drying curve) at the surrounding high humid atmosphere, about 20% of water content is linked to the environmental relative humidity of 98%.
The mechanical properties from the unconfined compressive strength test for the brick samples both at dry state (48 h in an oven at 60±5ºC) and in fully saturated state (saturation under vacuum pressure) were tested three times, the values of these properties are: 6.45 MPa ± 0.71, 5.82 MPa ± 0.53, respectively, whereas, the percentage of strength reduction due to saturation was 9.76 %.

Fig. 1 Production of the cement in different countries [2] These figures and a lot of other statistical data clearly show that there is a general necessity to reduce the emissions of CO2 and to reduce the production of the cement.
It can be a correct way if the overall design of the structure assumes application of a different material, a simple replacement of ordinary concrete with green concrete could result in a significant reduction of durability and in a completely unsustainable structure.

Modifier, % of cement mass Mechanical activation duration (hours) Amount of chemically grafted OSC (% of added mass) OSC (0.5) S-3 1 SKTN - 0.5 42.5 2 SKTN - 2 59 3 PMS-6 - 0.5 45 4 PMS-6 - 2 60 5 SKTN 1 2 54 6 PVS - 2 81 7 PVS 1 2 88 8 PPS - 2 43 9 PPS 1 2 53 Analysis of spectral data of extracts from cement systems showed that IR spectra of extracts with SKTN and PMS-6 additives contained absorption bands at 1020, 1093 cm-1 characteristic of siloxane bond vibrations in linear polydimethylsiloxanes as well as bands at 1260, 798 cm-1 characteristic of silicon-carbon bond vibrations in the Si-CH3 fragment and at 2962 cm-1 corresponding to carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond vibrations in the methyl radical [13,14,15].
Studies of the effect of non-functional polyorganosiloxanes on strength properties of cement systems demonstrated that addition of OSC resulted in the compression strength reduction by 10–30% (depending on the OSC type) within the initial solidification term with the tendency of gradual increase over time.

Data obtained from polarization test was analyzed by Tafel extrapolation method using Nova 1.9 program.
Conclusion Electroplating after plasma nitriding can be used as a method to prevent corrosion without any reduction of surface hardness.