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However, the assumption of negative binomial distribution is more realistic than Poisson distribution since it has been shown (Kulmala, 1995) that most collision data is over-dispersed (i.e., their variance exceeds their mean).
The model can be viewed as a good fit to the data when both values of scaled deviance and Pearson χ2 are significant at a given confidence level.
Model Development Data.
Their values were estimated based on the spot speed data.
Speed, traffic volume, section length, and collision data are collected for 60 urban road sections in one city in China for the purpose of model development.

Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue Cracks Reduction of Polymeric Asphalt Pavements Akbar K.
These models are simple to use because the only response of the mixture that needs to be measured is at the initial stage of fatigue testing, however, with the advanced automatic control/data acquisition systems available today, this advantage of simplicity is not substantial.
Therefore, the reduction in fatigue cracks in reinforced specimen is expected.
This is because of percent reduction in the bitumen quantity.

The mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, elastic modulus and other relative data were measured.
The mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, elastic modulus and other relative data after different number of freeze-thaw cycles were measured and recorded.
When N=100, the reductions of compressive strength and elastic modulus were 5.09% and 5.22%, respectively; When N=200, the reductions were 16.87% and 14.78%; After 300 cycles the reductions were 35.6% and 35.07%, respectively.
According to GB82-85, concrete specimens are considered as damaged when the reduction of compressive strength is larger than 25%, therefore, the HSC in this test did not show good frost resistance in aspect of compressive strength after 300 cycles.
It can be observed that the peak stress and its corresponding strain both decreased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, which indicated the reduction of rigidity and deformability, and the acceleration of deterioration of concrete.

As a consequence of reduction of nutrient concentration by capping treatment, chlorophyll-a concentration in treated basin was considerably lower than control basin.
Meanwhile, addition of gypsum and complex layer showed 28% and 17% of reduction efficiency of phosphate concentration as compared to untreated basin.
Gypsum increase sulphate concnetration in sediment(data not shown), but not in the water column as concnetrations measured in all water masses were alike(Table 2)
The reduction efficiency of TN concnetration was 45% for gysum treated basin and 11% for sand treated basin, respectively.
As a consequence of reduction of nutrient concentration in water column by capping treatment, chlorophyll-a concentration in treated basin was considerably lower than control basin.

SEM-TES application to chemical state analysis on cation of electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors based on the sensitivity correction of X-ray intensity data.
Recently, we developed the sensitive correct function on the observed X-ray intensity data measured in the system.
The function of automatic sensitivity correction was installed on the system software for correction of the fluctuated X-ray intensity occurring by the temperature fluctuation in the data collection while using the conventional SEM-TES system.
Data analysis has been performed using the corrected X-ray intensity data based on the acquisition data obtained by the correlation of sensitivity (k) and heater power (HP) by using a correction line to show as Fig. 2 conventionally.
As a result, the change of state of the Mn ion with the oxidation-reduction was revealed.

Gravimetric analyses of the samples before and after reduction yielded an average weight loss of 27.5 wt% (hydrogen reduction) and 27 wt% (carbothermic reduction) for the MR and NY samples, respectively; this agrees very well with the theoretical value of 27.64 % weight loss for the reduction of Fe3O4 to Fe.
Fig. 10.XRD analyses of the product obtained via solvothermal hydrazine reduction at 60 atm.
The normalized experimental data (hydrogen generation rate, a) presented in Fig.12 is plotted as a function of time (-ln a vs. time), whose slope gives the reaction rate constant.
hydrogenk = 0.0158 min-1 carbonk = 0.0248 min-1 hydride sodiumborok = 0.0521 min-1 hydrazinek = 0.1454 min-1 In the absence of experimental data at more than one temperature (600°C), the activation energy for the MSR process was estimated using the standard thermodynamic data and by invoking the collision theory concept.
Effect of exposed area reduction on the temperature attained at the reactor center.

To data, the reservoir water quality doesn’t meet its designated uses standard.
This result is similar to the monitoring data on the key small watershed plots [12].
Predicted reduction in sediment for terrace was almost 95%.
Fig.1 Sediment delivery rate and runoff from terrace and contouring at different rain events By comparison with contouring tillage, terrace could reduce soil erosion 74% and intercept runoff 45% on the basis of field monitoring data.
Reductions in P were predicted for contouring.

So, they are continuously leaning towards cycle time reduction in all the processes.
The required data was collected for make ‘current state’ VSM and for identifying opportunities for change.
Fig. 1 Methodology Flow Chart Data Collection and Analysis Current State VSM: The data to create current state VSM were collected from six different work stations with its corresponding VA and NVA timings and given in Table 1.
Similarly the TAKT time was also calculated as per the current data as follows.
Chakraborty and Gautam Majumdar, (2015), “Selection and evaluation of supplier by decision model of hybrid data envelopment analysis”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol.10(62), pp.123-127 [25] S.

First, the dimensionality of motion capture data was reduced by LLE method to obtain the low dimension feature curve.
Zhu et al. [1] employed linear time invariant system maps the original high dimensional data to low dimensional state space, using the sum of squared error criterion to split the low-dimensional set of data points, treat the segment points as key-frames.
Our Approach for Key Frames Extraction At the beginning, we use LLE algorithm to reduce the dimensionality of motion capture data directly to one dimensional data.
In conclusion, our method works well in the motion sequence by testing large amounts of data.
First, we adopt the nonlinear manifold learning method to dimensional reduction for original human motion data, and keep the dimensional reduction data have the original topological structure.

Spatial Data Publishing Platform.
Data Standardization.
The standardization of cultivated land quality includes two aspects, such as spatial data standardization and attributes data standardization.
The standardization of cultivated land quality information data are achieved through the classification and coding of data, it is the basis for managing effectively the temporal and spatial data.
Data Management.