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The work materials studied include ferrous, non-ferrous and exotic material (XW42, Ti6Al4V, WC) and the tool electrode materials include the commonly used EDM tool materials namely tungsten, copper and graphite.
Since the main source of these particles is the eroded tool and workpiece materials, the erosion rate will depend on the electrode materials used.
Effect of tool electrode materials on surface roughness From Fig. 7 it can be seen that the surface roughness achieved by tungsten is the minimum among the tool electrode materials considered.
In the present study, since the work materials studied include ferrous, non-ferrous and exotic material and the tool electrode materials include the commonly used EDM tool materials, the results obtained are expected to be relevant for the micro EDM of common engineering materials.
[13] Erden, A., Effect of materials on the mechanism of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM), Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Transactions of the ASME, Vol. 105-2 (1983), p. 132-138.

Electrical measurements are one of the oldest techniques also used in materials science.
The positron annihilation technique is one of the nuclear methods used in material science.
The advantages of this method are in the obtaining of both qualitative and quantitative data on defect behavior in materials.
The main assumption of the simple trapping model is that positrons annihilate in solid materials from a free or trapped state.
This model assumes that the positron exists in one of only two states in the materials, the free or Bloch state and the defect trapped state.

Material Characterization Applied materials.
Generally, no higher than ±1.0° average deviation occurred for all materials during the experiments.
Pearce, Sheet metal forming, Adam Hilger Series on new manufacturing processes and materials, IOP Publising Ltd, 1991
Uemori, A model of large-strain cyclic plasticity and its application to springback simulation, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 45 (2003) 1687–1702
International Journal of Plasticity, Vol. 5 (1989) 51-66

To address this, research is being done on characterizing these materials.
Development of good porosity occurred in all materials due to chemical treatment given to materials, which was evident from SEM images and results of BET analysis.
Conclusion All the agricultural waste materials exhibited a good potential to yield carbon, thus they can be used as raw materials to prepare activated charcoal.
R., A Synoptic Review on Composite Adsorbents to Remove Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Science.
[11] AeisyahA.S., Halim Shah Ismail H.S., Kamal L., Izhar S., Adsorption Process of Heavy Metals by Low-cost Adsorbent: A Review, World Applied Sciences Journal. 28 (11) (2013) 1518-1530

One of the materials commonly used is ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene).
Makara Journal of Science, 24(4), (2020). https://doi.org/10.7454/mss.v24i4.1014 [5].
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(1), (2019), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2017.10.007 [6].
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 269(1), (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/269/1/012060 [11].
In Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction (Vol. 1) (2010)

Advanced healthcare materials 8(6) (2019) 1801158
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 65(6) (2003) 628
Advanced Functional Materials 27(45) (2017) 1704213
Nature materials 16(8) (2017) 849-856
Journal of Materials Science & Technology 28(1) (2012) 1-14

Electrochemical performance of anode materials for lithium-ion power batteries WanHong Zhang1,2,a, KunPeng Wang1,b 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China 2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Nonferrous Metals, Henan Province, Luoyang 471023, China azhangwh@haust.edu.cn, bwangkp@haust.edu.cn Keywords: lithium-ion power battery; anode material; modification; electrochemical property; cyclic voltammetry Abstract.
As an important part of lithium ion batteries, the anode materials play an important role in the performance of lithium ion power battery.
At present, the study of carbon anode materials is one of the most active areas of research for lithium ion battery[8,9].
In the present work, the anode materials were prepared by several typical modified processing method, and the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries with different anode materials were tested and analysed, by using cyclic voltammetry method, and the anode materials suitable to power battery was optimized. 1 Experimental 1.1 Experiment Principle Cyclic voltammetry or CV is a type of potentiodynamic electrochemical measurement.
Fergus: Journal of Power Sources Vol. 195(4) (2010), p. 939 [3] E.

Yamagata, The Science and Technology of Materials in Automotive Engines.
Efi, "Precipitation Behaviour of Al Mg Si Alloys with High Silicon Content," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 32, pp. 1865-1902, 1997
Korevaar, "Al-20Si-Fe Osprey Preform and its Development During Subsequent Processing," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 26, pp. 5275-5291, 1991
Doty, "Effect of Solution Heat Treatment and Additives on the Microstructure of Al-Si (A413.1) Automotive Alloys," Journal of Materials Science, vol. 38, pp. 4507-4522, 2003
Rossi, "Mechanical and Microstructural Characterisation of Cylinder Liners," Materials Science Forum, vol. 416-418, pp. 407-412, 2003

For example, they are used as biosensing materials for clinical diagnostics to detect biochemicals [11] and as electrode materials in batteries [12], wastewater treatment [13], and more.
For given samples, TGA-50 Shimadzu was used to characterize the synthesized materials.
Mallouki et al., "Polypyrrole-Fe2O3 nanohybrid materials for electrochemical storage," Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, vol. 11, pp. 398-406, 2007
Kong, "Hybrids of carbon nanotubes and graphene/graphene oxide," Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 31-37, 2013
Nutt, "Single-layer graphene nanosheets with controlled grafting of polymer chains," Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 1982-1992, 2010

The multi metal materials bonding result shows that these materials bonded well to each other.
The materials are thus metallurgical bonded [2].
The study done for multi metal materials and the result shows these materials bonded well to each other.
Stucker, Multi-material bonding in ultrasonic consolidation, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 16 Iss: 3, 2010, pp. 180 – 188
Little, Mechanisms of ultrasonic joining of textile materials, International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 12 Iss: 5, 2000, pp. 331 – 350 [6] H.