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TEM Characterization of Near Sub-Grain Boundary Dislocations in Directionally Solidified Multicrystalline Silicon Maulid Kivambe1 a, Gaute Stokkan1 b, Torunn Ervik1 c, Birgit Ryningen2 d , Otto Lohne1 e 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, 7491, Trondheim, Norway 2 SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465, Trondheim, Norway a maulid.kivambe@material.ntnu.no, b gaute.stokkan@material.ntnu.no, c torunn.ervik@material.ntnu.no, dbirgit.ryningen@sintef.no, eotto.lohne@material.ntnu.no Keywords: dislocations, sub grain boundaries, mc-si, TEM.
However, high concentrations of impurities and crystalline defects are still incorporated in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) materials leading to an inferior performance, in comparison to solar cells made from single crystalline silicon (sc-Si) materials [1].
Journal of Applied Physics, 2004. 96(10): p. 5490
Materials & Mechanical. 2001: Butterworth-Heinemann. 1-242
Regnault, Lattice defects within grain volumes that affect the electrical quality of cast polycrystalline silicon solar-cell materials.

The fly ash contains a considerable number of hazardous materials such as leachable heavy metals as well as organic pollutants and consequently it is classed as hazardous waste.
Materials and method Materials The MSW incinerated fly ash sample used in the study was obtained from a stoker-type incinerator in the northern China.
Test materials were milled for 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h respectively.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 173: 563—569
Effect of additional materials on the properties of glass-ceramic produced from incinerator fly ash [J].Chemoshere, 2004, 56:127—131

After heat exchanging with materials, the nitrogen gas will discharge to the atmosphere.
Stiasny, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of tool steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 118 (2001) 350-355
Microstructure and hardness, Materials Science and Engineering A. 527 (2010) 2182-2193
Wear behavior, Materials Science and Engineering A. 527 (2010) 2194-2206
Cryoprocessing of cutting tool materials-a review, Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 48 (2010) 175-192 [15] C.

Kewei, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 114, 36-40.(2001) [4] T.
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Prinz, Materials Science and Engineering A282, 86–90. (2000) [10] C.
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Kazantsev, Journal of Nuclear Materials 414, pp 200-204. (2011)

JSME International Journal, Series A: Solid Mechanics and Material Engineering, 47(3), 280-286
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 186(1-3), 125-137
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 32(6), 1067-1079
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 122(1), 82-93
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science, 31(4), 855-866

Materials and Methods Description of the Sstudy Area.
The soil in the study area is developed on in the older alluvium parent materials with a rather homogeneous clay loam texture, classified as yellow soil according to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) classification system[16].
After removing the small lumps, plants, small stones and large animals worms etc, soil aggregate distribution was determined by routine dry sieving and wet sieving [14](Department of Soil Physics, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,1978).
Soil organic matter is the major cement material of water stable aggregates, and it could promote the formation of soil aggregate structure.
YANG, “The retrospection and prospect on soil erosion research in China,” Chinese Journal of Nature, vol 30, pp.12-16,2008

Yahya3, b 1Department of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor D.E., Malaysia 3 Physics Department, National Defence University of Malaysia Kem Sg.
Yahya Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Methyl-grafted Natural Rubber For Proton Batteries, Material Research Innovation 13(2009)195 [7] N.
Lu, Effects of polymer matrix and salt concentration on the ionic conductivity of plasticized polymer electrolytes, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995) 1635 [10] N.
Ii, Confirmation of universality of time–humidity superposition principle for various water-absorbable polymers through dynamic viscoelastic measurements under controlled conditions of relative humidity and temperature, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 39 (2000)1638 [14] K.
Gupta, Study of dielectric relaxation in polymer electrolytes, European Polymer Journal 34(1998)1023 [15] S.

Raw materials testing of SMA-13 WMA The Maintenance engineering of Jing-Shen expressway (K17-K22) is located in Tongzhou district, Beijing, which is warm temperate and subhumid monsoon climate.
The testing results were shown in table 1 to table 5, which show that all technical indexes of raw materials used in the SMA-13 WMA could reach the standard requirements and apply in the engineering.
So asphalt producers should determine material synthetic gradation according to screening results of HMA materials, and draw the final synthetic gradation closer to design gradation mid-value of SMA-13.
Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 2007, 29(6): 113-116.
Journal of highway and transportation research and development, 2006, (8): 26-28.

The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are the most important mechanical performances in material, and there are many factors influenced mechanical performance.
Therefore the SVM model have good prospect in material science.
Journal of Power Sources 179 (2008) ,p.683–692 [2] Y.
On-line chatter detection and identification based on wavelet and support vector machine[J] Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210 (2010) ,p.713–719 [4]V.N.
Journal of Power Sources 2006 (160) ,p.293–298

Kusaka, M. saka, in: Peening by the use of cavitation impacts for the improvement of fatigue strength, Journal of Materials Science Letters, 20(13), pp. 1263-1265, 2001
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Soyama, in: Introduction of Compressive Residual Stress Using a Cavitating Jet in Air, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, Vol. 126, pp. 123-128 Jan. 2004