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These defects are affected by the forming parameters such as material properties, the friction coefficientμ, the die semi-cone angle α, the reduction ratio Rf/R0 .This paper has analyzed the influence of aforementioned parameters on the sinking process design, and a new method, multi-step sinking process, is presented.
However, in contrast to tube sinking, besides wrinkling at the end and compressive instability on the cylinder wall, there is a typical defect: buckling instability of the top, which is an important factor affecting cylindrical cup sinking process design (shown in Fig.2).
The factors affecting the process are the material properties, the friction coefficient μ, the die semi-cone angle α, the wall thickness t, the reduction ratio K and the initial radius R0 .
Fig.4 The forming limit diagram for the instability deformation of the top vs. the end with different die semi-cone angleα Fig.3 Mechanical model and analysis of force Mechanical analysis of cylinder sinking The mechanical model of cylindrical cup sinking is divided into two zones as in Fig.3.
Considering the above-mentioned two factors, the double-cone angle sinking scheme is taken: first the die semi-cone angleαis150 , then the die semi-cone angle transits to 450 , see Fig.12.

The Effects of High Pressure Gas Burner Parameters on Thermal Efficiency for 2014 International Conference on Machining, Materials and Mechanical Technology (IC3MT) Suttikiat Srisathita and Panya Aroonjaratthamb * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand az-doo_zer@hotmail.com, bpanya.aro@mahidol.ac.th Keywords: High pressure gas burner, thermal efficiency, standard industrial stove.
The gas burner models are of various properties depending on the each factory’s design.
Added to this is how different properties of each model affect gas consumption and thermal efficiency.
Discussions The port design of gas burner was the primary factor of burner perfomance as thermal efficiency and emissions [2].
Conclusions Thermal efficiency of the domestic high pressure gas burner in this study was tested to investigate the significant parameters namely, the degree of outer and inner ports and the number of outer and inner ports, affecting to the burner thermal efficiency.

One of the driving factors for the usage of filler in FR additives, such as the application of calcium carbonate in the modification of polypropylene (PP), was cost reduction.
In addition, fly ash successfully enhanced the mechanical properties [24].
The addition of 25 wt% fly ash shows similar mechanical properties to that of 10 wt% glass fibre.
Even a small amount of nanofillers, such as clay, can improve mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of plastics without affecting its processability.
The global market consumption revealed that trends now are shifting towards eco-friendly FR due to the regulation imposed by authority, environment, safety and health factors.

Introduction Red clay, which is a kind of complex medium with diverse physico-mechanical properties, plays an important role in engineering practice.
Thus, the relationship of the matrix suction and physico-mechanical indexes has great significance on the strength properties of unsaturated red clay.
Physical properties of red clay The red clay studied in this experiment is the weathered residual soil which is made up of granite through eluviation.
The physical properties of red clay are shown in table 1.
Fig.4 The relationship of matrix suction and dry density The impact of experiment process on measuring accuracy When taking filter paper method to measure the matrix suction, the following factors will affect the experiment

The article deals with the influence of WC-Co deposition layer on some properties of steel C45.
A series of chemical and electrochemical reactions accompany ESD coating formation, which usually degrade the mechanical properties and microgeometry of the applied coatings Electro spark deposition treatment is usually used in the automotive, aerospace and shipbuilding industries [4].
Steel with normal carbon content has properties similar to iron.
Mechanical properties depend largely upon the various form of heat treatment operations and cooling rate.
Panda, et al., Progressive technology diagnostics and factors affecting machinability, Appl.

The tensile strength and hardness of FZ and HAZ were also studied, due to the different properties of the welding and adjacent regions; they affect the mechanical properties of welding.
Studies confirm that the microstructure behavior of welding affects their mechanical properties.
The mismatch in mechanical properties between the base metal, FZ, and HAZ creates strains.
Elfallah, Influence of GMAW factors on the tensile strength of commercial steel, Int.
Bailey, Factors influencing weldability, In N.

Investigating the effects that cause surface roughness, change and mechanical properties of outer automobile plates through temper rolling skin pass mill elongation is essential.
Friction is no a factor in the deformation limits of materials; however it is a major factor affecting deformation in the stamping process.
In this study, we will determine surface roughness, mechanical properties and the friction coefficient using different skin pass mill elongations.
In this study, we make a steel sheet using temper rolling and determine the mechanical properties with skin pass mill elongation.
Mechanical properties Yielding strength increased with increasing skin pass mill elongation which caused work hardening of the steel sheet.

Some parameters such as conduction, convection, thermal properties of material with temperature and gauss distribution of heat flux has been considered in the laser drilling process.
The theoretical study and simulation of laser and material effect are particularly important, not only the simulation can help get factors which affect the efficiency of the laser process, but the results of simulation can guide the actual machining process.
ANSYS version 14.5 has been used to build the thermal mathematical model of the laser process, and the model considered important factors of the laser process such as conduction, convection, thermal properties of material with temperature and gauss distribution of heat flux in order to analyze the temperature distribution of stainless steel workpiece.
The interaction process between laser and material is very complicated and there is a lot of factors influencing the drilling process[3].
Not all the factors can be considered in the simulation and some assumptions need to be made to simplify the model.

Effects of particle size and binding materials on shear strength were analyzed by comparing shear properties of undisturbed and remolded soils with the same dry density, water content and vertical loads.
The results show that all the angle of internal friction () and most of soil cohesion () of undisturbed soils are bigger than that of remolded soils; The final shearing stress also comply with the law above; The main factors affecting shear strength are soil particle size and binding materials.
Other soil physical properties were tested: soil bulk density-core cutter method (100 cm3), natural soil water content-Time Domain Reflector (TDR).
Loose soils also were taken from the land use types above, dried in wind, and sifted through 2 mm for further measurement of soil physical properties and mechanical behaviors.
It is also the main factor influencing the cohesion.

Scale Behaviour and Deformation Properties of Oxide Scale during Hot Rolling of Steel Marcel Grafa, Rudolf Kawallab TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute of Metal Forming, Freiberg (Saxony), Germany a marcel.graf@imf.tu-freiberg.de, b rudolf.kawalla@imf.tu-freiberg.de Keywords: oxide scale, deformation behaviour, flow curve, stress intensity factor Abstract This paper describes the possibilities for identifying temperature-dependent mechanical and thermo-physical properties of oxide scale components which are a necessary data input for a numerical simulation.
Hence, the mechanical properties and the metal forming relevant properties of the several oxide layers are very different.
This concerns the description of mechanical properties at room temperature as well as the finale surface quality, as these information are necessary for the following processing steps and at the end for the benefits of the products.
Additionally, heat transfer and surface roughness are affected as well.
Kawalla, Deformation Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of Oxide Scales during Hot Metal Forming Processes, steel research intern. – Special Edition 10th ICTP 2011, 78-81