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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Xiang Gou, Kai Zhang, En Yu Wang, Jin Xiang Wu, Guang Yang, Zi Fang Wang, Lian Sheng Liu, Wen Yong Liu
Study on metal oxide catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx at low temperature
Xiang Goua, Kai Zhang, Liansheng Liu, Wenyong Liu, Zifang Wang, Guang Yang, Jinxiang Wu, Enyu Wang
School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
aCorresponding author email: gouxiang@sina.com
Keywords: SCR; NOx; Low temperature; Metal oxide catalyst
Abstract.
The method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is now one of the mature applications of NOx removal technology, which can meet the practical requirements due to the more stringent laws and regulations on air pollutions.
The method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has become the main denitration technology due to its high efficiency.
Supported metal oxide catalyst Al2O3 has high thermal stability, and its surface acidic site is helpful to adsorption and reduction of nitrogen oxides, so it is widely used as metal oxide catalyst support.
Experiment data showed that the existence of H2O inhibited the catalytic reaction.
The method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is now one of the mature applications of NOx removal technology, which can meet the practical requirements due to the more stringent laws and regulations on air pollutions.
The method of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has become the main denitration technology due to its high efficiency.
Supported metal oxide catalyst Al2O3 has high thermal stability, and its surface acidic site is helpful to adsorption and reduction of nitrogen oxides, so it is widely used as metal oxide catalyst support.
Experiment data showed that the existence of H2O inhibited the catalytic reaction.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Chao Lian, Jing Ya Lei, Deng Gui Luo
Using the elimination strategy, the primary vibration source was determined, the vibration serviceability of the residential building was assessed by the environmental vibration tests, and the measures for vibration reduction were proposed.
By applying the measures for vibration reduction to Mill Ⅱ and reinforcing the residential building, the vibration serviceability can be improved. 1 Introduction A residential building, constructed by brick-concrete structure and completed in 2001, is six-layer and two-household with a storey height and a building area, respectively of 3.2m and 960㎡ in each storey, whose floor plan is shown in Fig1.
(2) Vibration reduction measures should be applied to improve Mill Ⅱ
(in Chinese) [4] Wang, G.J., Fan, S.R.: Manual for buildings natural periods calculation method and the measured data (China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 1988).
By applying the measures for vibration reduction to Mill Ⅱ and reinforcing the residential building, the vibration serviceability can be improved. 1 Introduction A residential building, constructed by brick-concrete structure and completed in 2001, is six-layer and two-household with a storey height and a building area, respectively of 3.2m and 960㎡ in each storey, whose floor plan is shown in Fig1.
(2) Vibration reduction measures should be applied to improve Mill Ⅱ
(in Chinese) [4] Wang, G.J., Fan, S.R.: Manual for buildings natural periods calculation method and the measured data (China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 1988).
Online since: March 2014
Authors: Yong Yao, Jun Mei, Shun Mei Li
Potential Analysis of Architectural Application of Solar Energy Resource in Panzhihua
Shunmei Li1,a, Jun Mei1,b, Yong Yao1,c
Collage of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang
alishunmei@yeah.net,bmeijun12@126.com,cyy001221@163.com
Keywords: solar energy resource; solar hot water system; shading and day-lighting; photovoltaic system;potential analysis
Abstract: Basing on the meteorological data of Panzhihua, such as monthly solar radiation, sunshine duration, sunshine percentage, sunny days, and transmission coefficient, etc, we analyzed the distribution and application potential of solar energy resource .
The whole world currently faces the major issue of energy-saving and emissions reduction.
Table 1 Solar energy resource rejoins of china [3] Regional Level Annual sunshine hours /h The annual total radiation /MJ/m2 In the same region abroad Remark One Type 2800~3300 ≧6700 India, northern Pakistan Rich regions Two Type 3000~3200 5400~6700 Indonesia, Jamaica Bioscor, Washington DC Less Rich areas Three type 2200~3000 4200~5400 Italy, Milan Resources in general Four type 1400~2200 <4200 Paris, Moscow Poor area The analysis of solar energy resources in Panzhihua According to finish "China building thermal environment-specific meteorological data collection" and the relevant meteorological data in the China meteorological administration website, we calculate the total solar radiation and analyze spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation in the calculation method of the literature[4].Simultaneously we analyze sunshine duration, sunshine percentage, sunny days and projection coefficients.
According to statistics derived from meteorological data, sunny days and sunshine hours can better reflect the atmosphere transparent condition and the annual average climatology transmission coefficient is from 48 %to 53%.
Table 3 shows the system pollutant emission reduction and environmental benefits.
The whole world currently faces the major issue of energy-saving and emissions reduction.
Table 1 Solar energy resource rejoins of china [3] Regional Level Annual sunshine hours /h The annual total radiation /MJ/m2 In the same region abroad Remark One Type 2800~3300 ≧6700 India, northern Pakistan Rich regions Two Type 3000~3200 5400~6700 Indonesia, Jamaica Bioscor, Washington DC Less Rich areas Three type 2200~3000 4200~5400 Italy, Milan Resources in general Four type 1400~2200 <4200 Paris, Moscow Poor area The analysis of solar energy resources in Panzhihua According to finish "China building thermal environment-specific meteorological data collection" and the relevant meteorological data in the China meteorological administration website, we calculate the total solar radiation and analyze spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation in the calculation method of the literature[4].Simultaneously we analyze sunshine duration, sunshine percentage, sunny days and projection coefficients.
According to statistics derived from meteorological data, sunny days and sunshine hours can better reflect the atmosphere transparent condition and the annual average climatology transmission coefficient is from 48 %to 53%.
Table 3 shows the system pollutant emission reduction and environmental benefits.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Marwa Sleem, Ali Rashed, Attif Ibraheem, Yousra Alkabani
Encryption/ decryption circuits are one of the best candidates for low power implementation, as they are needed to maintain the privacy and security of user data.
Introduction Cryptography is considered as a backbone for security of data transmission.
Increasing the data path to process the whole matrix of traditional MC modules instead of processing column by column to reach the goal of high throughput is utilized in [6].
AES internally processes data blocks as matrix of bytes called state.
AES algorithm is a symmetric blocks cipher that processes data block of 128, 192 and 256 bits using keys of the same length.
Introduction Cryptography is considered as a backbone for security of data transmission.
Increasing the data path to process the whole matrix of traditional MC modules instead of processing column by column to reach the goal of high throughput is utilized in [6].
AES internally processes data blocks as matrix of bytes called state.
AES algorithm is a symmetric blocks cipher that processes data block of 128, 192 and 256 bits using keys of the same length.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Li Li, Chuan Zhi Geng, Qing Yu, Ye Tian
In order to study its vibration reduction effect, modal calculation and wheel-set drop simulation have been analyzed in this paper.
Even in the most difficult conditions it also can have the role of vibration reduction.
So in order to achieve a better vibration reduction effort, the stiffness of TMD should match the stiffness of fasteners.
As the increase of the mass of tuned system, vibration reduction performance is better.
The wheel-set drop simulation shows the parameters have influence to the track vibration reduction.
Even in the most difficult conditions it also can have the role of vibration reduction.
So in order to achieve a better vibration reduction effort, the stiffness of TMD should match the stiffness of fasteners.
As the increase of the mass of tuned system, vibration reduction performance is better.
The wheel-set drop simulation shows the parameters have influence to the track vibration reduction.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Peng Fu, Sen Meng An, Wei Ming Yi, Xue Yuan Bai
With increasing temperature from 300 to 1000 oC, the selectivity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased significantly along with a reduction in methane selectivity.
Since acetic acid is one of the major components in the bio-oil [2], it has often been used as a model compound of bio-oil and study of acetic acid steam reforming (AASR) can provide valuable data for hydrogen production from the real bio-oil.
This work provides the thermodynamical data necessary for hydrogen production by the AASR.
The selectivity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased significantly with increasing temperature along with a reduction in methane selectivity.
By increasing the WAFR, hydrogen selectivity can be increased with a reduction in carbon monoxide selectivity by increased water-gas shift reaction.
Since acetic acid is one of the major components in the bio-oil [2], it has often been used as a model compound of bio-oil and study of acetic acid steam reforming (AASR) can provide valuable data for hydrogen production from the real bio-oil.
This work provides the thermodynamical data necessary for hydrogen production by the AASR.
The selectivity for hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased significantly with increasing temperature along with a reduction in methane selectivity.
By increasing the WAFR, hydrogen selectivity can be increased with a reduction in carbon monoxide selectivity by increased water-gas shift reaction.
Online since: January 2024
Authors: Archana P. Ambadi, Benny Raphael
The data was collected for 15 minutes for each light shelf.
The heat transfer process was simulated every 0.5 sec by formulating a custom-developed program, and the data collected was compared with experimental data.
Experimental data vs. simulation data surface finish, each light shelf will have a specular and diffuse reflection component.
They were compared with the experimental data for all samples.
Comparison of experimental data and simulation data Aluminium LS Experimental data Simulation data Mean 580.810 601.098 Standard deviation 55.895 66.982 Covariance 3731.450 Pearson correlation coefficient 0.997 Mean Square Error (MSE) 1110.538 References [1] Boyce, Peter, Claudia Hunter, and Owen Howlett.
The heat transfer process was simulated every 0.5 sec by formulating a custom-developed program, and the data collected was compared with experimental data.
Experimental data vs. simulation data surface finish, each light shelf will have a specular and diffuse reflection component.
They were compared with the experimental data for all samples.
Comparison of experimental data and simulation data Aluminium LS Experimental data Simulation data Mean 580.810 601.098 Standard deviation 55.895 66.982 Covariance 3731.450 Pearson correlation coefficient 0.997 Mean Square Error (MSE) 1110.538 References [1] Boyce, Peter, Claudia Hunter, and Owen Howlett.
Online since: January 2006
Authors: Setsuo Takaki, Kenji Kawasaki, Toshihiro Tsuchiyama, Y. Futamura
For instance, under the same deformation condition (5% reduction in thickness),
dislocation density is the order of 10
14
m
-2 in a coarse grained material (mean grain size; 20µm), while
it reaches 7×10
15
m
-2
in an ultrafine grained material (0.25µm).
A real work hardening behavior can not be detected during necking deformation due to the reduction of sectional area of test pieces.
Fig. 3 shows changes in 0.2% proof stress for the materials with different grain size (20µm, 0.35µm and 0.25µm) as a function of prior cold-rolling reduction.
This Bailey-Hirsch equation is constructed by the data up to the dislocation density of about 10 15 m -2 for iron with large grain size, but if we can accept the linearity to 10 16 m -2 , a large yield stress of 1.1GPa is expected for the iron with this dislocation density.
The data in Fig. 3 clearly shows the change of strengthening mechanism, that is, yield stress is almost constant up to 5% deformation and increasing gradually above 5% deformation.
A real work hardening behavior can not be detected during necking deformation due to the reduction of sectional area of test pieces.
Fig. 3 shows changes in 0.2% proof stress for the materials with different grain size (20µm, 0.35µm and 0.25µm) as a function of prior cold-rolling reduction.
This Bailey-Hirsch equation is constructed by the data up to the dislocation density of about 10 15 m -2 for iron with large grain size, but if we can accept the linearity to 10 16 m -2 , a large yield stress of 1.1GPa is expected for the iron with this dislocation density.
The data in Fig. 3 clearly shows the change of strengthening mechanism, that is, yield stress is almost constant up to 5% deformation and increasing gradually above 5% deformation.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Yuan Liang Li, Ying Chen, Yu Zhu Zhang, Rong Li Sang, Qing Jun Zhang
The results state that the low temperature reduction degradation property in low silicon sintered ore is to achieve the best when the carbon content was 3.7%.
Through the sintering pot test and sinter metallurgical properties experiment, obtain experimental data as is shown in table 1.
This is the Brazilian powder's own properties; general the sinter ore low temperature reduction degradation rate is higher which hematite as the sinter raw material, but the sinter ore low temperature reduction degradation rate is lower which magnetite as the sinter raw material.This experiment using the powder of Brazil as the research object, Brazil powder mainly composed of hematite, therefore the sinter free Fe2O3 more, so with Brazilian powder increasing, vertical burning speed and yield of the sintered ore is smaller, wear-resistance performance degradation, make the screening proportion of sintered ore little graded obviously increased, so with Brazilian powder increasing, the sinter quality fractal dimension will become larger.
At the same time must point out that the Brazilian powder belong to high alumina low silicon powder, with Brazilian powder increasing, the Al2O3 content of finished sinter is increased significantly, which is conducive to promoting the formation of acicular structure calcium ferrite, amount of Al2O3 content is benefit to the sinter[4], but the content can’t exorbitant, otherwise, it can make the sinter of low temperature reduction degradation rate increased, sinter quality drops, also can obviously improve the sinter quality fractal dimension.
Through the sintering pot test and sinter metallurgical properties experiment, obtain experimental data as is shown in table 1.
This is the Brazilian powder's own properties; general the sinter ore low temperature reduction degradation rate is higher which hematite as the sinter raw material, but the sinter ore low temperature reduction degradation rate is lower which magnetite as the sinter raw material.This experiment using the powder of Brazil as the research object, Brazil powder mainly composed of hematite, therefore the sinter free Fe2O3 more, so with Brazilian powder increasing, vertical burning speed and yield of the sintered ore is smaller, wear-resistance performance degradation, make the screening proportion of sintered ore little graded obviously increased, so with Brazilian powder increasing, the sinter quality fractal dimension will become larger.
At the same time must point out that the Brazilian powder belong to high alumina low silicon powder, with Brazilian powder increasing, the Al2O3 content of finished sinter is increased significantly, which is conducive to promoting the formation of acicular structure calcium ferrite, amount of Al2O3 content is benefit to the sinter[4], but the content can’t exorbitant, otherwise, it can make the sinter of low temperature reduction degradation rate increased, sinter quality drops, also can obviously improve the sinter quality fractal dimension.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Krittee Eidhed, Chokchai Singhatham
Data from this research can be used as the guideline suggestion for the welding procedure specificcation (WPS) and the procedure qualification record (PQR) for the welding repair in the peroid of maintenace.
1.
From the calculated data, the cooling rate of the used tube was higher than that of the new tube with all distances because the effect of carburization, carbon (c) content in the matrix promoted the thermal conductivity properties of the used tube.
Strength (N/mm2) Failure & Location % Reduction strength compared to new tube % Reduction strength compared to used tube Acceptance Criteria New tube 532 Non-weld - - - Used tube 401 Non-weld 20.1 % - - TS-001 394 Base metal of used tube - 1.7 % Accepted TS-002 352 Base metal of used tube - 12.2 % Unaccepted The mechanical tests for tensile (Table 1) and bending properties were shown in Fig. 4(e-f).
The criteria of tensile strength No.TS-001 specimen was accepted because its reduction was less than 5% of the minimum specified tensile strength of two base metal without welding (new and used tubes shown in Table 1) while No.TS-002 was unaccepted because its reduction was more than 5% [9].
From the calculated data, the cooling rate of the used tube was higher than that of the new tube with all distances because the effect of carburization, carbon (c) content in the matrix promoted the thermal conductivity properties of the used tube.
Strength (N/mm2) Failure & Location % Reduction strength compared to new tube % Reduction strength compared to used tube Acceptance Criteria New tube 532 Non-weld - - - Used tube 401 Non-weld 20.1 % - - TS-001 394 Base metal of used tube - 1.7 % Accepted TS-002 352 Base metal of used tube - 12.2 % Unaccepted The mechanical tests for tensile (Table 1) and bending properties were shown in Fig. 4(e-f).
The criteria of tensile strength No.TS-001 specimen was accepted because its reduction was less than 5% of the minimum specified tensile strength of two base metal without welding (new and used tubes shown in Table 1) while No.TS-002 was unaccepted because its reduction was more than 5% [9].