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It occurs much more rapidly than molecular diffusion and acts as an excellent process for quickly reducing the concentrations of a species in river water, in cases where this is needed for rapid mixing during processing, or rapid pollutant or contaminant reduction for safety.
Arnold et al (1985) and Wood and Liang (1989) measured the concentration of a dye in compound channel and used the data to deduce the lateral mixing coefficient of solute.
With those data, Nokes and Hughes (1994) presented a three dimensional eigenfunction solution for solute dispersion of compound channel.
Figure 3 Turbulent fluctuations of salinity, suspended solids and velocities, and a variation of dimensionless mixing length with Ri, data from Teign and Great Ouse estuaries, (after West and Shiono, 1988) In an estuary secondary flows can be induced by the effect of lateral shear in the present of longitudinal density gradient producing a lateral density gradient postulated by Smith (1976).

Although HAZOP has been the subject of extensive research to incorporate it within computer automated toolkits – such as expert and knowledge based systems [13; 14; 34], data bases [23], and decision support systems [27; 28] – to the best of our knowledge, only 3 works [1; 4; 35] were interested in combining HAZOP studies with ontology based systems.
Properties are used to describe attributes of classes, and to describe relationships between classes/individuals and data values in order to describe specific requirements. 4) Creating restrictions.
The ISO15926 standard is related with the definition of conceptual data models for the representation of technical information of process plants.
This classification can rely on nature of decisions (i.e. avoidance, reduction, elimination or mitigation), on business tools (such as computer aided maintenance, computer aided quality control, etc.), or on decision support systems (such as planning, scheduling, optimization algorithms, etc.) that can be involved to take disruptions and risks into account.

The objectives set by engineers at the University of Michigan were minimal reduction of the time which is needed to launch the production of a new product in the system, minimization of the costs associated with the design of the production system adapted to the production of a new products and finally, elimination the costs associated with excessive levels of system flexibility [7,8].
Although, the presented example is quite simple, a methodic approach which allows to whittle down the range of possibilities, and make logical decisions based on facts and data to find the optimal system configurations can be used for more complex systems.
(Eds.), Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2015, Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 256-263, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-24834-9_31
(Eds.), Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2015, Springer International Publishing, 2015, pp. 181-190.

The data of analysis points are extracted and analyzed after the sample is deformed by four passes.
The results are recorded in Table 6.To examine the effect rule of selected parameters, the mean S/N ratio for different levels of each factor are calculated according to the data in Table 6, and the results are listed in Table 7.
Influencing curves of each parameter on S/N ratio for Path A, B and C Obviously, the analysis data extracted along Path A is basically the most representative for the deformation characteristics of the whole sample so the parameter combination A3B3C3D2 is selected to be the optimum one.
The difference between the maximum and minimum decreases from 6.37 to 5.27, and the reduction is about 20 %.

Therefore, promoting the economical efficiency and reliability of the operation of the power transformer is significant for the safe and reliable operation and the reduction of operation cost of the whole power system [1].
Besides, according to the overload capability calculation model, the permitted overload operation time of the transformer has been calculated under the circumstance of different environmental temperature and initial load condition by the temperature rise data of large scale power transformer by Zhejiang University [16-18].
Table 1 Transformer Parameters Transformer S[MVA] P0[kW] Pk1[kW] Pk2[kW] Pk3[kW] A 20 30 86.8 38.5 31.7 B 31.5 38 73.9 48.7 61.5 The statistical data of the transformer load (based on the primary side) in 24 hours at July of some year is shown in Figure 3 with the maximum load =35.754MVA.
The 24-hour temperature data of this month is shown in Figure 6.

To verify the improved constitutive equation for 2297 alloy, an analogy between the experimental and predicted true stress-true strain data were drawn in a wide range of strain, temperature and strain rate.
The specimens were immediately quenched in water and the reduction in height was 60% at the end of the isothermal compression test.
In order to evaluate the accuracy of the developed constitutive model with the compensation of strain at various processing conditions for 2297 alloy, an analogy between the friction corrected and predicted true stress-true strain data is carried out, as shown in Fig.10.
The formula is as follows: (14) Where and are friction corrected flow stress and predicted flow stress, respectively; and are the mean values of and ; N is the total number of data.

Medical imaging technologies are typically used to gather implant site external geometric data.
Collected data can then be used to design the custom scaffold structure.
The height of each loading block was set as 40% of the total height of the scaffold in order to provide uniform stress accommodation at the loading block-scaffold interface and hence reduction of end-effects [26].
Accordingly to the data known from previous work, the Young's modulus value was set to 18.3 GPa, the material density to 1810 kg/m3, and Poisson's ratio to 0.28 [27, 28].

Experimental Study on Specimens of Steel Secondary Beam Embedded in Reinforced Concrete Girder of Frame Structure Qiong Yua, Zhoudao Lub, Jiangtao Yuc, Xingzhuang Zhaodand Jin Daie Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China ayiongyu2005@163.com, blzd@tongji.edu.cn, cyujiangtao@tongji.edu.cn, dzxz_342@163.com, edaijin_2008@qq.com Key words: Superposition of shear and torsion, Rotational angle, Embedded coefficient, Pullout failure, Joint failure.
The strain data of specimen-900 is invalid as something wrong happened to the data collect system.
Evaluation for computerized data acquisition system used in static uniaxial testing machine

Data collection and analysis were performed by a computer equipped with Texture Expert® software.
a Data are the average of 10 units.
The more gum in matrices, the greater degree of gum hydrates with simultaneous swelling, resulting in the lengthening of the drug diffusion pathway and the reduction in drug release rate.
The release data of drug from tablets was fitted to the following equation [24] in order to propose the possible drug release mechanism

GDP is generally regarded as a measure of a country's economic well-being, under the presumption that the more money spent, the higher the GDP and the better the economic well-being, although this indicator reflects only the amount of economic activity, regardless of how that activity affects the community social and environmental welfare [38] & [40]. [38] & [40] established that the effective indicators for sustainability and other purposes must have the following common characteristics: · Reliability: Provision of a good trustworthy information · Relevance: Relevant and necessary information about a system or process · Understandability: The experts and the non-experts must have adequate knowledge and understanding · Accessibility and availability of data.
Measurement of finely spaced deviations of actual surface from nominal surface (datum) in the units of length (μm) is the measurement of surface roughness.
It was noted that most of the researchers utilize K20 carbide tools instead of K10 due reduction in wear performance for K20 carbide tools [24].
Many countries have data for the conversion factor for electricity to carbon emissions; example of this is the conversion factor shown in the Table 4 from the Department of National Development and Reform Commission in China [51].
It is necessary and beneficial to implement the improvement opportunity to enhance the carbon emission reduction and to meet other sustainability goals.