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Online since: May 2011
Authors: S.K. Sharma
Typical polarization plots showing the corrosion of amorphous, nanocrystalline and crystalline forms of Ti60Ni40 in 0.5 HNO3 are shown in Fig 1 and the polarization and weight loss data on these alloys in 0.1 M, 0.5 M and 1 M HNO3 are given in Table I [90].
Some typical polarization plots in 0.5 M H2SO4 is shown in Fig. 2 and the corresponding values of Icorr, Ecorr and weight loss data (including those in 0.5 M NaCl) are mentioned in Table 2.
Weight loss data obtained from different states of Ti60Ni40 also confirm the results of polarization studies (see Table 1 and Table 2).
They suggested that improvement in oxidation resistance occurs by reduction in the driving force or the mobility of the rate controlling element in the nanocrystalline state [49].
The polarization results are also supported by the weight loss data obtained in different aqueous media for amorphous, nanocrystalline and crystalline states. 2.
Some typical polarization plots in 0.5 M H2SO4 is shown in Fig. 2 and the corresponding values of Icorr, Ecorr and weight loss data (including those in 0.5 M NaCl) are mentioned in Table 2.
Weight loss data obtained from different states of Ti60Ni40 also confirm the results of polarization studies (see Table 1 and Table 2).
They suggested that improvement in oxidation resistance occurs by reduction in the driving force or the mobility of the rate controlling element in the nanocrystalline state [49].
The polarization results are also supported by the weight loss data obtained in different aqueous media for amorphous, nanocrystalline and crystalline states. 2.
Online since: December 2022
Authors: Paramita Jaya Ratri, Delta Rosalina Naiggolan, Nila Tanyela Berghuis
According to data from the Indonesian plantation directorate, the sugarcane plantation area reached 418,990 hectares spread across Indonesia in 2020 with a total production of around 2,120,000 tons.
Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were also analyzed by interpreting experimental data.
Based on Fig. 7 and data in Table 1, adsorption process of Pb(II) ions follows a pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model, it shows that the rate of adsorption of lignin bagasse and lignin-Mg(OH)2 to Pb(II) ions per time is directly proportional to the square of the capacity of the empty adsorbent (Qe-Qt).
So that at the beginning of the adsorption process there was a significant reduction in adsorption capacity and the adsorption rate decreased when it reached equilibrium.
Based on the data in Table 2, the RL value for Pb(II) metal adsorption with lignin-Mg(OH)2 and lignin bagasse adsorbents has an RL value > 0 which indicates that the adsorption process is favourable [27].
Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were also analyzed by interpreting experimental data.
Based on Fig. 7 and data in Table 1, adsorption process of Pb(II) ions follows a pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model, it shows that the rate of adsorption of lignin bagasse and lignin-Mg(OH)2 to Pb(II) ions per time is directly proportional to the square of the capacity of the empty adsorbent (Qe-Qt).
So that at the beginning of the adsorption process there was a significant reduction in adsorption capacity and the adsorption rate decreased when it reached equilibrium.
Based on the data in Table 2, the RL value for Pb(II) metal adsorption with lignin-Mg(OH)2 and lignin bagasse adsorbents has an RL value > 0 which indicates that the adsorption process is favourable [27].
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Kyoko Banba, Marija Tomić, Branislava Jeftić, Mari Miyazaki, Jelena Munćan, Roumiana Tsenkova, Lidija Matija
PCA is a well-known statistical method for reducing the dimensionality of data sets.
Its operation can reveal the internal structure of the data in a way that best explains the variance of the data.
The new dimensions, principal components (PCs), are built by taking into account the maximum variance of data and the requirement of an orthogonal space.
It was the second loading vector PC2, which explained only 1% of the variance among the spectral data, that provided information on water molecule organization under the influence of the nanomaterial.
The major effects of Nanocream application were: reduction of wrinkles, smoother skin texture, better vitality and circulation.
Its operation can reveal the internal structure of the data in a way that best explains the variance of the data.
The new dimensions, principal components (PCs), are built by taking into account the maximum variance of data and the requirement of an orthogonal space.
It was the second loading vector PC2, which explained only 1% of the variance among the spectral data, that provided information on water molecule organization under the influence of the nanomaterial.
The major effects of Nanocream application were: reduction of wrinkles, smoother skin texture, better vitality and circulation.
Online since: February 2026
Authors: Wei Jie Zhou, Yu Xin Qin, Xin Meng Xiong, Yu Chen, Yi Wang
The actual propagation time difference, (), of a qP wave reflected from the bottom surface of the R-zone was recorded, and data were collected for various combinations of "transmit-receive" array elements.
In order to compare the acoustic timing results obtained under three different conditions, the reflection point is set as the measurement data of BRM in this paper.
In detail, the ultrasonic propagation time predicted by the acoustic line tracer method proposed in this study was compared with the experimental data points acquired via the Bottom Reflection Method (BRM).
The proposed method demonstrates shorter processing time than others due to prior mesh delineation of the research area, allowing efficient exclusion of redundant data and targeted analysis.
Da, et al., A multiscale residual U-net architecture for super-resolution ultrasonic phased array imaging from full matrix capture data, J.
In order to compare the acoustic timing results obtained under three different conditions, the reflection point is set as the measurement data of BRM in this paper.
In detail, the ultrasonic propagation time predicted by the acoustic line tracer method proposed in this study was compared with the experimental data points acquired via the Bottom Reflection Method (BRM).
The proposed method demonstrates shorter processing time than others due to prior mesh delineation of the research area, allowing efficient exclusion of redundant data and targeted analysis.
Da, et al., A multiscale residual U-net architecture for super-resolution ultrasonic phased array imaging from full matrix capture data, J.
Online since: July 2007
Authors: R.D. Knutsen
The ingots were reheated to 1150°C and hot rolled in several passes to a total reduction of 88%.
Microstructures were characterised using EBSD as this makes it possible to acquire grain structure and orientation data simultaneously.
Three separate TD traces, each measuring 5mm in length were acquired for each sample to ensure reasonable data collection.
TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A (b) (a) TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A (b) (a) Figure 4: (a) Grid layout for EBSD data acquisition on both samples in CRA condition; (b) average Taylor factor for individual maps along rows 1 - 3 depicted in (a).
Microstructures were characterised using EBSD as this makes it possible to acquire grain structure and orientation data simultaneously.
Three separate TD traces, each measuring 5mm in length were acquired for each sample to ensure reasonable data collection.
TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A (b) (a) TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm TD RD 5 mm Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 500 µm 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A 2.90 3.00 3.10 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.100.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Distance in TD (mm) Taylor Factor Sample B Sample A (b) (a) Figure 4: (a) Grid layout for EBSD data acquisition on both samples in CRA condition; (b) average Taylor factor for individual maps along rows 1 - 3 depicted in (a).
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Hong Jun Liu, Pi Xiang Wang, Wei Shan, Yan Qiu Yang, Chun Jiao Wang, Ying Guo
Table.2 Comparison table of physical and mechanical properties index between
wetland soft soil in Halahai and delta soft soil in Zhujiang delta
physical and mechanical properties index
Soft soil type
delta soft soil
average
wetland soft soil
humus clay
silty clay
[%]
33.9~98.8
58.6
41.6
36.25
[%]
12.0~48.0
25.4
32.5
27.4
[%]
22.6~65.0
45.7
48.7
40.8
0~39.0
20.0
16.2
13.4
e
1.0~2.7
1.6
1.17
1.04
Sr [%]
94~100
98.5
97
95
[ MPα-1]
0.14~3.31
1.17
0.85
0.71
[MPa]
0.9~14.0
2.46
2.17
2.36
Cq []
1~27
8.4
13.2
16.5
q [o]
2~29.5
16.3
2.1
16.7
Comparison data in Table 2 showed that the physical and mechanical properties of Pearl River delta soft soil were worse than Halahai wetlands soft soil, which mainly as follows: large water content , large void ratio, large compression property and soil present the shape of flow plastic state .
Comparing the experimental data of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 we known that , Halahai wetland soft soil strength characteristics were superior to the shallow siltyclay, silt loam and deeper silt clay along the Shanghai-Nanjing expressway, and were secondary to loam ,which reflect the closely relationship between soft soil mechanical characteristics and its basic physical and mechanical properties indicators, the maximum difference up to 40 ~ 70kPa when confining pressure was100kPa, the maximum difference up to 60 ~ 80kPa when confining pressure was 200kPa.
From tab.1 and 3 known that, the cohesion values of Halahai wetland soft soil was relative greater during fast cutting, when consolidation is less than 20%, the cohesion increases with the reduction of consolidation degree; when consolidation was greater than 20%, the cohesion was basically on the rise with the growth of consolidation degree.
According to the data in tab.4, the similar rules can be drawn, that is when consolidation was less than 30%, soft soil cohesion generally reduced with the increase of consolidation degree, this variation law shows that soft soil has a certain structural [13].The cohesion reduced when the beginning of consolidation due to disturbing.
Comparing the experimental data of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 we known that , Halahai wetland soft soil strength characteristics were superior to the shallow siltyclay, silt loam and deeper silt clay along the Shanghai-Nanjing expressway, and were secondary to loam ,which reflect the closely relationship between soft soil mechanical characteristics and its basic physical and mechanical properties indicators, the maximum difference up to 40 ~ 70kPa when confining pressure was100kPa, the maximum difference up to 60 ~ 80kPa when confining pressure was 200kPa.
From tab.1 and 3 known that, the cohesion values of Halahai wetland soft soil was relative greater during fast cutting, when consolidation is less than 20%, the cohesion increases with the reduction of consolidation degree; when consolidation was greater than 20%, the cohesion was basically on the rise with the growth of consolidation degree.
According to the data in tab.4, the similar rules can be drawn, that is when consolidation was less than 30%, soft soil cohesion generally reduced with the increase of consolidation degree, this variation law shows that soft soil has a certain structural [13].The cohesion reduced when the beginning of consolidation due to disturbing.
Online since: January 2022
Authors: Samia Achour, Fattoum Bouchemal
Graphical representations, based on the ion content, show the classification of water chemistry data.
A software program has been used to analyze our data set.
Salinization can cause yield reductions for many crops and can lead to desertification [24].
- The plot of analytical data on the Wilcox [29] diagram shows that the samples of Maastrichtian aquifer belong good category.
A software program has been used to analyze our data set.
Salinization can cause yield reductions for many crops and can lead to desertification [24].
- The plot of analytical data on the Wilcox [29] diagram shows that the samples of Maastrichtian aquifer belong good category.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Wei Qing Zhuang, Zhen Yu Liu
Introduction
Interorganizational information systems (IOS) was first proposed by Felix Kaufman in 1966 published on Harvard Business Review, which called data systems across organizational boundaries[1].
In order to study extent of supply chain transaction costs reduction after building a FIOS, first build the transaction cost function.
However, more studies are needed to extend validate our findings by real data or case study.
References [1] Felix Kaufman: Data systems that cross company boundaries, Harvard Business Review. (1966) [2] Barrett, S., and Konsynski, B: Inter-Organization Information Sharing Systems, MIS Quarterly, Special Issue, Fall (1982), p.93-105 [3] Cash, J.
In order to study extent of supply chain transaction costs reduction after building a FIOS, first build the transaction cost function.
However, more studies are needed to extend validate our findings by real data or case study.
References [1] Felix Kaufman: Data systems that cross company boundaries, Harvard Business Review. (1966) [2] Barrett, S., and Konsynski, B: Inter-Organization Information Sharing Systems, MIS Quarterly, Special Issue, Fall (1982), p.93-105 [3] Cash, J.
Online since: March 2009
Authors: Roger Morrell
The test results are
shown in Table 2, and demonstrate close equivalence of the two methods with a reduction in scatter
with indentation tilting.
There is generally a very good correlation between the SEVNB and the SCF data where the latter could be obtained.
** - *,** 5.80 ± 0.23 * Did not fail from indentation flaw. ** Failed from flaw, but flaw boundary could not be clearly identified except possibly in one test-piece. 100 µm100 µm100 µm Fig. 5: Indeterminate HK5 inclined SCF pre-crack in material 10, SIKA SiC using either (left) normal illumination or (right) grazing illumination. #1 PS10777 SiC #2 PS5000 SiC #3 ESK SiC (1) #4 ESK SiC (2) #5 B4C #6 White Al2O3 #7 Pink Al2O3 #8 WC/W2C #9 Si3N4 #10 SIKA SiC #1 PS10777 SiC #2 PS5000 SiC #3 ESK SiC (1) #4 ESK SiC (2) #5 B4C #6 White Al2O3 #7 Pink Al2O3 #8 WC/W2C #9 Si3N4 #10 SIKA SiC Fig. 6: Schematic comparison of fracture toughness data.
In addition, the SEVNB method provides data which could not be readily be obtained by the SCF method using convenient optical fractography.
There is generally a very good correlation between the SEVNB and the SCF data where the latter could be obtained.
** - *,** 5.80 ± 0.23 * Did not fail from indentation flaw. ** Failed from flaw, but flaw boundary could not be clearly identified except possibly in one test-piece. 100 µm100 µm100 µm Fig. 5: Indeterminate HK5 inclined SCF pre-crack in material 10, SIKA SiC using either (left) normal illumination or (right) grazing illumination. #1 PS10777 SiC #2 PS5000 SiC #3 ESK SiC (1) #4 ESK SiC (2) #5 B4C #6 White Al2O3 #7 Pink Al2O3 #8 WC/W2C #9 Si3N4 #10 SIKA SiC #1 PS10777 SiC #2 PS5000 SiC #3 ESK SiC (1) #4 ESK SiC (2) #5 B4C #6 White Al2O3 #7 Pink Al2O3 #8 WC/W2C #9 Si3N4 #10 SIKA SiC Fig. 6: Schematic comparison of fracture toughness data.
In addition, the SEVNB method provides data which could not be readily be obtained by the SCF method using convenient optical fractography.
Online since: September 2008
Authors: Michael Schütze, Georg Kunschert, Hans Peter Martinz
I/G basically favours a higher cost
reduction potential and makes it possible to add reactive elements in an elemental, not oxidized
form, whereas P/M gives the opportunity to highly disperse and homogenize all alloy constituents
by utilizing a mechanical alloying procedure [3].
Fluctuations in the isothermal test can be related to a higher error of measurement, 20h 168h 168h 20h ITM Crofer (a) (b) 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45 0,5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Square-root Time [h exp0,5] Mass Gain [mg/cm²] ITM ITM14 Croferas only two samples each gave a data point.
However, for Crofer (only 168h analyzed, open square data point) the oxide-areas do not match the mass-gain.
Kunschert, Deliverable 2.9, RealSOFC, a 6 th framework European Union integrated project (undisclosed research data)
Fluctuations in the isothermal test can be related to a higher error of measurement, 20h 168h 168h 20h ITM Crofer (a) (b) 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 0,45 0,5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Square-root Time [h exp0,5] Mass Gain [mg/cm²] ITM ITM14 Croferas only two samples each gave a data point.
However, for Crofer (only 168h analyzed, open square data point) the oxide-areas do not match the mass-gain.
Kunschert, Deliverable 2.9, RealSOFC, a 6 th framework European Union integrated project (undisclosed research data)