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An ABAQUS finite element analysis software was used to calculate the required performance parameters with the measured data from tensile tests, such as sy, n and K (Table 1), then the plane normal stress syy and effective plastic strain e p of the front notch end can be calculated.
Table 1 Tensile test results of 16MnR steel T (℃) sy (MPa) y （%） n K(Mpa) -196 -130 754.638 498.039 12.847 69.909 0.088 0.230 1051 1105 Note: T: test temperature; sy: yield stress; y: percentage reduction of area; n: work hardening index; K: work hardening coefficient 3.2 4PB specimen fracture observation All the fractures of 4PB specimens at -196 °C were pure cleavage fracture, and the cleavage fracture initiation were mainly located within 200 ~ 400 um to the front notch end.
In addition, the distance from the notch root corresponding to the maximum peak stress under different loads DMS can be obtained from the stress-distance curve, and the data are listed in Table 2 as well.

In particular, additive construction applied to the production of dies and electrodes, directly from digital data, is defined as rapid tooling (RT) [9].
The initial cost increase can thus be repaid through a reduction of costs and time for the following phases of development, engineering and production, as well as trough non-monetary advantages [17].
The outcome of the experimental study will be helpful to provide data for industrial application of the considered technology.

Rapid changes in land use led to the reduction in area of water resources and increase in water pollution.
GIS technique is able to process and analyze mass spatial data and multi-layered information obtained from RS procedure.
Groundwater potential zoning could be conducted with RS and GIS technologies, while land-use RS data could be used as an effective tool for the assessment of soil degradation and devising cost methods for soil conservation on the watershed scale.

After 28 days age, the samples were tested serially for the respective properties. 3.2 Data Compilation, Data Analysis, Results and Discussion For the strength calculations, maximum loads reached for both bending and tensile tests were recorded by reading directly from the machine.
The sisal fibers absorbs much water which is added during mixing, which in turn results in the reduction of water-cement ratio (W/C), which is a major factor affecting the concrete strength.

National data fall short of controlling and monitoring resource flow change in agriculture.
The data acquisition for the material flow determination was done through analysing invoices of products and by-products bought and sold by the entities of the agricultural complex.
Eco-efficiency improvement is possible through promotion of rational use of resources, as well as reduction of emissions and waste.

Diffraction data were collected for 1 s at each 0.02 ° step width over 2θ, varying from 10 ° to 90 °.
Experimental data was recorded at 25 ℃ by employing an EG&G model 273A potentiostat, utilizing a reference saturated calomel electrode (SCE) and a counter electrode of Pt wire.
The reduction in SC with an increasing scan rate (Fig.5) can be attributed to the electrolyte diffusion limitations in pores.

The high amount of strain induced by the shear motion leads to significant reduction in required axial force, as demonstrated by Widerøe et al. [4] for the consolidation of aluminum alloy granulate, further contributing to the energy efficiency of FEP.
Data Availability The data related to this research is available online (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5910334).

That is accomplished by using experimental data that link the transformation temperatures of solutionized SMAs with their composition.
However, in the latter work linear relations were used to correlate the transformation temperatures of the material with its composition due to limited availability of experimental data.
Hence due to these phenomena, the developed micromechanical model was able to predict a reduction of 20-30% on the transformation strain, in comparison to the solutionized response, for this particular case where the volume fraction of precipitates was estimated to be 10%.

Although the data are limited, it is clearly shown that ~80% of the nuclei (defined as >1µm) have formed by the time that the material is 10% recrystallized, which approximates to site saturation.
A good example of this is found in low carbon steels [6,7], where, after moderate rolling reductions, recrystallization nucleation begins in grains with near γ-fibre orientations.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3. 111 pole figures of EBSD data from {110}<001> Al-0.6%Si crystals deformed in channel die plane strain compression.

Coincidence of the measured data with the theoretical curve across the shear layer further ensures that the velocity data measured by the PIV system are reliable for all the cases studied herein.
Based on Eq. 3, the pressure difference across the gap is still higher on the side of large cylinder than that on the side of small cylinder but the magnitude of the pressure difference reduces because of reduction in the averaged velocity .