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During hot extrusion, tools experience cyclic thermo-mechanical loads that can lead to materials degradation and failure.
Wieser: Modelling of creep-fatigue in containers during aluminium and copper extrusion, Computational Materials Science Vol. 39 (2007), p. 55
Chaboche: Mechanics of solid materials (Cambridge University Press 1990)
Redl: Lifetime evaluation of two different hot work tool steels in aluminium extrusion, Computational Materials Science (2007), in press
Redl: Creep-fatigue of multi-part container during hot extrusion of copper - Simulation and experimental comparison, Computer Methods in Materials Science Vol. 7 (2007), p. 47.

Preparation and Characterization of ZrO2 Coating by Sol-Gel on Mullite Short Fiber Yingna Zhaoa, Meng Zhangb, Jiang Ren and Xiongfeng Zeng Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei United University; Tangshan 063009, Hebei, China ayingna_1120@sohu.com, bxicuishi@163.com Keywords: Mullite Short fiber; Sol-gel; ZrO2 coatings; Coating process Abstract.
The modified mullite fiber was used to toughen the mullite ceramic, which can effectively overcome the brittleness of ceramic materials and improve the material strength and toughness.
Adding mullite fiber, the toughness of the ceramic matrix and the impact strength can be improved, which develops quickly in heat resistant composite materials.
Nicholson, AlPO4-coated mullite/alumina fiber reinforced reaction-bonded mullite composites, Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 28 (2008) 3041-3048
Wu, Preparation and thermal stability of zirconia-doped mullite fibers via sol-gel method, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 21 (2011) 117-121

Introduction In the recent years, epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) are considered new resource materials, more environmental friendly than other materials such as fossil-fuel and low cost material.
Thus, researches for alternative starting materials or blending components that will contribute to reduce the cost of thermoset resin are attracting an interest among researchers recently [1].
Experimental Material.
Kapila, (2004), Curing and mechanical characterization of a soy-based epoxy resin system, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 6, 3513–3518
Amine-cured epoxy, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 289, 7, 636-641

Therefore, it is necessary to study on mining subsidence disasters characteristic in loess gully areas. 2.1 Stress distribution and deformation law of mining loess Through the conventional three axis test, it can be discovered that loess has a more obvious nonlinear deformation characteristics than other materials.
Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 2012, 32(3): 269-274. 165
Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2008, 37(1): 43-47. 170
Journal of Engineering Geology, 2013, 21(6): 920-925. 175
Journal of Engineering Geology, 2001, 9(3), 233-240

The damping ratio of slope body materials is 0.03.
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2003, 129(8): 673-684 [4] Lin, J.
Journal of Geotechnical.
Journal of Mountain Science, 2008, 26(3): 280-282 ( In Chinese) [8] He Honglin, Sun Zhaomin, Wang Shiyuan, etal.
Journal of Nanjing University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 31(1):55-59 ( In Chinese)

Next-generation mega-carrier aircraft or supersonic transport aircraft will make extensive use of advanced composite materials in both primary and secondary structures, and are likely to use mechanically fastened joints.
The present paper will consider the results of strength tests and analysis of 3-D braided materials made of carbon/epoxy using resin transfer molding (RTM).
Ishikawa: Composites Science and Technology Vol. 65 (2005), p. 1022
Ye : Chinese Journal of Aeronautics Vol. 16 (2003), p. 142
Ye : Journal of Mechanical Strength Vol. 25 (2003), p. 504(In Chinese).

Structure Characterization of Mg-Al spinel Synthesized from Industrial Waste Xudong Luo1, Dianli Qu1, a, Guodong Zhang1 and Haixiao Liu4,b 1 Department of High Temperature Materials and Magnesium Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Zhonglu185, China, 114051 2 Department of Material and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshan Zhonglu185, China, 114051 aluoxudongs@yahoo.com.cn, bhxliu0320@163.com Keyword: Mg-Al spinel, Crystallinity, Crystal structure, Industrial waste Abstract: Mg-Al spinel has been synthesized by using industrial waste from ferroalloy plant, decomposed magnesite and used MgO-C brick as the main raw materials.
Experimental set-up The experiment uses industrial waste from ferroalloy plant, decomposed magnesite powder from mine, used MgO-C powder from refractory plant as the main raw material.
Table1 Chemical compositions of raw materials (wt%) Raw materials SiO2 Al2O3 MgO CaO Fe2O3 TiO2 Ig Decomposed magnesite powder 3.72 0.21 41.22 1.26 0.78 - 41.33 Used MgO-C powder 1.23 1.35 79.67 2.15 1.64 - 10.78 Industrial waste from ferroalloy plant 5.15 66.92 6.65 6.62 0.40 12.16 - Ig: lost on ignition Table2 Experimental formula (wt%) Raw materials No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 Decomposed magnesite powder 30 35 40 45 - - - - Used MgO-C powder - - - - 25 30 35 40 Industrial waste from ferroalloy plant 70 65 60 55 75 70 65 60 The experimental formula is show in table2.
The raw material in each formula was wet grinded for 3h.
Journal of Wuhan University of Technolgy .Vol. 32(22)(2010), P421

Take electrolytic copper powder and SiC powder as the raw materials, apply powder injection moulding to prepare SiCp/Cu composite, while the test result shows that only Cu and SiC exist in the sintered composite, the SiC particles evenly distribute within the Cu substrate.
Element x/% C 7.31 O 3.13 Si 4.53 Fe 4.39 Cu 80.63 Fig.5 EDS of worn surface of SiCp/Cu composite Conclusions Take electrolytic copper powder and SiC powder as the raw materials, apply PIM to prepare SiCp/Cu composite.
Hu: Materials Letters Vol. 58 (2004), p. 1634 [6] L.
Esfandeh: Materials Letters Vol. 59 (2005), p. 2832 [7] B.B.
Zhang: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Materials Science Edition) Vol.24 No.6 (2008), p. 888

The paper deals with the problems of the load-carrying capacity of steel and steel-concrete composite members composed of high-strength materials, subjected to compression.
The experimental verification has been realized with the specimens of HEA cross-sections represented by steel members and steel- concrete members composed of normal-strength materials and high-strength ones.
CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0097, within the framework of the European Union’s Operational Programme “Research and Development for Innovations”, as an activity of the Regional Centre of “AdMaS” (Advanced Materials, Structures and Technologies), and within the solution of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports project FAST S-11-32/1252 and the Czech Science Foundation grant project No. 103/09/0597.
Melcher: Stability problems of steel-concrete members composed of high-strength materials, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2010, 16(3), pp. 352-362. doi: 10.3846/jcem.2010.40
Röder: Load-carrying capacity of steel-concrete compression members composed of high-strength materials, In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Steel-Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures „ASCCS 2009“, Leeds, Research Publishing Services: Singapore, 2009, pp. 239-244.

The materials used to make gecko feet-like adhesive materials require asymmetry in the design as well as in their shapes, apart from defineable variations in the elastic moduli.
Gecko-Feet-Like Materials Synthetic elastomeric materials have been used to develop and test gecko feet-like materials.
Stiff materials like Polyproplyene have also been used to develop gecko feet-like hairs.
Journal of Applied Physics, 116 (2014) 074302
Current Science, 102 (2012) 1248-1249.