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Online since: February 2011
Authors: Min Li Wang, Zhi Wang Zheng, Li Xiao
This text studied the affection of the coiling temperature and cold reduction ratio to the adding P high strength IF steel on microstructure, property and textures, and assured the optimal coiling temperature and cold reduction ratio which has supplied the theoretical guidance and reference data to the industry.
(a) coiling temperature: 500℃; cold reduction ratio:80 % (b) coiling temperature: 550℃; cold reduction ratio:60 % (c) coiling temperature: 600℃; cold reduction ratio: 70 % Fig.1 Effect of coiling temperature on microstructure of experimental steel conditions diffrenent cold reduction ratio From the fig1, the microstructure is 100% ferrite.
While the cold reduction ratio is 50%, the ReL get the minimum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 80%, the A80 gets maximum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 70%, the A80 gets maximum value.
(a) coiling temperature: 500℃; cold reduction ratio:80 % (b) coiling temperature: 550℃; cold reduction ratio:60 % (c) coiling temperature: 600℃; cold reduction ratio: 70 % Fig.1 Effect of coiling temperature on microstructure of experimental steel conditions diffrenent cold reduction ratio From the fig1, the microstructure is 100% ferrite.
While the cold reduction ratio is 50%, the ReL get the minimum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 80%, the A80 gets maximum value.
While the cold reduction ratio is 70%, the A80 gets maximum value.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Yong Jie Zhang, Jian Yun Jiang, Fan Zhang, Meng Fu, Jian Dong Ye
Thus realize reduction and substitution of coal.
According to the monitoring data of Beijing Meteorological Bureau, air pollution above level six occurred four times in January 2013, and only 5 days were not fog haze day, which took great harm to people.
According to the survey data from Tsinghua University, the annual amount of coal consumption in rural areas of China in 2006 is about 192 million tons, equivalent to 136 million tce.
The survey data show that the rate of solar water heater utilization is the highest which is 84.2%.
It can be seen from the survey data that coal is mainly used for heating and the buildings are generally lack of thermal insulation, which is the key reason for high energy consumption [3].
According to the monitoring data of Beijing Meteorological Bureau, air pollution above level six occurred four times in January 2013, and only 5 days were not fog haze day, which took great harm to people.
According to the survey data from Tsinghua University, the annual amount of coal consumption in rural areas of China in 2006 is about 192 million tons, equivalent to 136 million tce.
The survey data show that the rate of solar water heater utilization is the highest which is 84.2%.
It can be seen from the survey data that coal is mainly used for heating and the buildings are generally lack of thermal insulation, which is the key reason for high energy consumption [3].
Online since: February 2019
Authors: Yevgen Smyrnov, Vladimir Belevitin, Vitalii Skliar
The obtained data on the thickness of the crystallized shell of continuous cast bloom and the amount of solid phase depending on the casting speed and steel grade allowed us to conclude about the possible place of installation of the MSR unit.
Selection of boundary conditions (heat transfer coefficients at the boundaries metal – cooling environment) and verification of the model were made based on industrial data.
In the analysis of the calculated data (Fig. 2) in terms of the dynamics of changes in the considered time interval and ratio of the area of the crystallized component of the bloom Fhard to its total cross-sectional area Ftotal the strength characteristics of the formed crust draw attention to themselves.
Aksenov, Soft reduction of a cast ingot on the incomplete crystallization stage, Materials Science Forum. 762 (2013) 261-265
Ney and e.t.c., Soft reduction in the continuous casting of billets, Millennium steel. (2007) 112-118
Selection of boundary conditions (heat transfer coefficients at the boundaries metal – cooling environment) and verification of the model were made based on industrial data.
In the analysis of the calculated data (Fig. 2) in terms of the dynamics of changes in the considered time interval and ratio of the area of the crystallized component of the bloom Fhard to its total cross-sectional area Ftotal the strength characteristics of the formed crust draw attention to themselves.
Aksenov, Soft reduction of a cast ingot on the incomplete crystallization stage, Materials Science Forum. 762 (2013) 261-265
Ney and e.t.c., Soft reduction in the continuous casting of billets, Millennium steel. (2007) 112-118
Online since: October 2018
Authors: Pentti Karjalainen, Antti Järvenpää, Matias Jaskari
Lower cold rolling reductions before reversion annealing for the grain size refinement are desired in industrial practice.
However, a high cold rolling reduction to create 100% deformation-induced martensite (DIM), as generally presented, is impractical in industrial processing, and the reductions of 30–40% would be more desirable.
No data are, however, for the behavior of slightly cold-rolled reversed structures under cyclic loading.
The latter data have been published earlier in Refs. 4–6.
After 32% cold rolling reduction, there was 30% retained DA left, but only 4% after 63% reduction.
However, a high cold rolling reduction to create 100% deformation-induced martensite (DIM), as generally presented, is impractical in industrial processing, and the reductions of 30–40% would be more desirable.
No data are, however, for the behavior of slightly cold-rolled reversed structures under cyclic loading.
The latter data have been published earlier in Refs. 4–6.
After 32% cold rolling reduction, there was 30% retained DA left, but only 4% after 63% reduction.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Chen Xin Liu, Jun Chen, Bang Wen Zhang, Lin Chao Ke Bu
The higher the temperature of reduction is, the more obvious the yield falls.
Fig.1 Microwave carbon thermal reduction diagrammatic sketch Raw material.
(8) Reorganize and analyze the data Result analyst and discussion Ore phase analysis.
Considering the productivity rate and the grade, the ore selection index is better in the process of 750℃ reduction, magnetic separation in 1.2A current, and the data for both of that are 91.34% and 54.66%.
The higher temperature of reduction is, the more significant grade falls
Fig.1 Microwave carbon thermal reduction diagrammatic sketch Raw material.
(8) Reorganize and analyze the data Result analyst and discussion Ore phase analysis.
Considering the productivity rate and the grade, the ore selection index is better in the process of 750℃ reduction, magnetic separation in 1.2A current, and the data for both of that are 91.34% and 54.66%.
The higher temperature of reduction is, the more significant grade falls
Online since: September 2013
Authors: De Xing Wang, Hong Yan Lu, Hong Wei Lu
Rule acquisition is a hot topic in the field of data mining.
Introduction Rough set theory proposed by Pawlak [1] is an effective mathematical tool, which can deal with imprecise, uncertain, inconsistent data.
Essentially, there are only distribution reduction and assignment reduction.
Conclusions In the paper, under the model framework of the granularity of the rough set theory, we use rule extraction algorithm to mining the credibility of the implicit rules from the inconsistent decision-making system, identify data with maximum distribution reduction,which decision-making most likely to occur.
Acknowledgment This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11205029) References [1] Pawlak Z,“Rough Sets theoretical aspects of reasoning about Data,”Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York 1991,pp.9-30
Introduction Rough set theory proposed by Pawlak [1] is an effective mathematical tool, which can deal with imprecise, uncertain, inconsistent data.
Essentially, there are only distribution reduction and assignment reduction.
Conclusions In the paper, under the model framework of the granularity of the rough set theory, we use rule extraction algorithm to mining the credibility of the implicit rules from the inconsistent decision-making system, identify data with maximum distribution reduction,which decision-making most likely to occur.
Acknowledgment This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11205029) References [1] Pawlak Z,“Rough Sets theoretical aspects of reasoning about Data,”Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York 1991,pp.9-30
Online since: February 2025
Authors: Andrey N. Dmitriev, Galina Yu. Vitkina, Nikolay M. Barbin, Yulia E. Burova
Thermodynamic Modeling of Iron Ore Reduction Using Synthesis Gas
A.N.
The thermodynamic model constructed corresponds to the literature and calculated data and can be used to optimize the reduction process under various production conditions.
In order to perform the requisite calculation, the following data is required: 1.
Furthermore, the database encompasses data on condensed carbon (graphite).
The graphical data indicate that the most significant components are Fe(s1), FeO(s2) and Fe3O4(s2), with a concentration exceeding 10-1 mol%.
The thermodynamic model constructed corresponds to the literature and calculated data and can be used to optimize the reduction process under various production conditions.
In order to perform the requisite calculation, the following data is required: 1.
Furthermore, the database encompasses data on condensed carbon (graphite).
The graphical data indicate that the most significant components are Fe(s1), FeO(s2) and Fe3O4(s2), with a concentration exceeding 10-1 mol%.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Lin Rong Shi, Wei Sun, Jian Min Wu, Hua Zhang, Tao Li, Jing Kao
In order to optimize vibration digging shovel’s drag reduction performance parameter, building the regression model of traction resistance between vibration frequency and amplitude, penetrating angle and the traction rate based on the vibration reduction simulation experiment results, moreover, it is optimized.
Domestic and foreign related research on this technology is mostly based on theoretical mechanics modeling and experimental research, simulation study on vibration drag reduction technology is less.
The data were processed by Design-Expert analysis.
Building regression model Application Design-Expert software on traction resistance data (Table 2) are analyzed, getting the code representation of the traction resistance of distribution coefficient Y of 2 regression model: Y=1464.00+19.17X1+30.00X2+6.67X3+10.83X4+10.00X1X2-2.50X1X3-5.00X1X4- 7.50X2X3-7.50X2X4+5.00X3X4+15.50X12+19.25X22+114.25X32+15.50X42 (1) According to the size of regression coefficient of each model factor, the available sequence the influencing factors: the vibration frequency X3, vibration amplitude X2, traction rate X1, penetrations angle X4.
[5] Qiu Lichun: Bulk Subsoiler System Dynamic Model and Study of Drag Reduction and Energy Saving (Ph.D., Shenyang Agricultural Uinversity, China, 1998)
Domestic and foreign related research on this technology is mostly based on theoretical mechanics modeling and experimental research, simulation study on vibration drag reduction technology is less.
The data were processed by Design-Expert analysis.
Building regression model Application Design-Expert software on traction resistance data (Table 2) are analyzed, getting the code representation of the traction resistance of distribution coefficient Y of 2 regression model: Y=1464.00+19.17X1+30.00X2+6.67X3+10.83X4+10.00X1X2-2.50X1X3-5.00X1X4- 7.50X2X3-7.50X2X4+5.00X3X4+15.50X12+19.25X22+114.25X32+15.50X42 (1) According to the size of regression coefficient of each model factor, the available sequence the influencing factors: the vibration frequency X3, vibration amplitude X2, traction rate X1, penetrations angle X4.
[5] Qiu Lichun: Bulk Subsoiler System Dynamic Model and Study of Drag Reduction and Energy Saving (Ph.D., Shenyang Agricultural Uinversity, China, 1998)
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Shuang Wang
Study on Province-wide Evaluation Index System of Energy-saving and Emission-Reduction in China
Shuang Wang
Economics and Management College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116600, China
wshuang1021@sina.com
Keywords: Energy-saving and emission-reduction; Index system; Evaluation
Abstract.
In order to arrange energy-saving and emissions- reduction better, achieve the strategic target for energy-saving and emission-reduction, improve production environments, make comprehensive use of resources and develop circular economy, the establishment of a comprehensive and perfect evaluation system of province-wide energy-saving and emission-reduction is of great significance both to the region and the country.
The Construction Principle of Energy-saving and Emission-reduction Index System (1) Comprehensive and Scientific Comprehensive means that we should be all-round coverage of energy-saving and emission-reduction work, widely consider various factors that may affect the energy-saving and emission-reduction, systematically collected selection.
(3) Maneuverability In order to make energy-saving and emission-reduction index system can be effectively applied in practical analysis, solve practical problems, the concept of selecting indicators and the content must be clear and has observables, and have the corresponding data support, rather than take a one side pursuit of perfect theoretical level [2].
Conclusion Only when governments supervise can the work of energy-saving and emission-reduction require to success.
In order to arrange energy-saving and emissions- reduction better, achieve the strategic target for energy-saving and emission-reduction, improve production environments, make comprehensive use of resources and develop circular economy, the establishment of a comprehensive and perfect evaluation system of province-wide energy-saving and emission-reduction is of great significance both to the region and the country.
The Construction Principle of Energy-saving and Emission-reduction Index System (1) Comprehensive and Scientific Comprehensive means that we should be all-round coverage of energy-saving and emission-reduction work, widely consider various factors that may affect the energy-saving and emission-reduction, systematically collected selection.
(3) Maneuverability In order to make energy-saving and emission-reduction index system can be effectively applied in practical analysis, solve practical problems, the concept of selecting indicators and the content must be clear and has observables, and have the corresponding data support, rather than take a one side pursuit of perfect theoretical level [2].
Conclusion Only when governments supervise can the work of energy-saving and emission-reduction require to success.
Online since: September 2007
Authors: Ja Ock Cho, Sang Whan Han, Young Mi Park
Many researchers attempted to evaluate reduction factors for lateral stiffness in order to reflect
stiffness reduction effect on slab analysis.
Stiffness Reduction Factor for Flat Plate Slab Variable for Stiffness Reduction.
To propose the stiffness reduction factor, this study analyzed the variables having an effect on stiffness reduction in the prior test results of slab-column connection.
Proposal of Stiffness Reduction Factor.
Fig. 2(a) and (b) show similar tendency for stiffness reduction, but Fig. 2(b) is displays minimum data dispersion.
Stiffness Reduction Factor for Flat Plate Slab Variable for Stiffness Reduction.
To propose the stiffness reduction factor, this study analyzed the variables having an effect on stiffness reduction in the prior test results of slab-column connection.
Proposal of Stiffness Reduction Factor.
Fig. 2(a) and (b) show similar tendency for stiffness reduction, but Fig. 2(b) is displays minimum data dispersion.