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Simulation and validation Because the temperature distribution of cylinder head is affected by the high temperature gas, coolant, as well as the intake and exhaust gas, coupling simulation was carried out for higher precision and creditability. [3-4] Fig.3 and 4 show the three-dimensional models of simplified valve bridge of cylinder head with and without drilled cooling, respectively.
Fig.2 Geometrical model of simulative valve bridge of cylinder head Fig.3 Geometrical model of simulative valve bridge of cylinder head with drilled cooling Results According to the mathematical model and the heat transfer boundary, FEA and CFD simulations were carried out to obtain the temperature field with and without drilled cooling.
Conclusion Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out to investigate the heat transfer of drilled cooling in the valve bridge of cylinder head.
Simulation and Experiment of Temperature Field on Diesel Engine Cylinder Head before and after Enhancement of Power [J].
Numerical Simulation on Flow and Heat Transfer of Cooling System in a Six Cylinder Diesel Engine [J].

Such problems are solved by multi field numerical simulation approach.
Multi-Field Simulation Modeling With rapid developments in numerical methods, especially in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), researchers are applying it in predicting and solving complex fluid structure interaction (FSI) problems.
The displaced shape from CSD is further coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), from which new loadings are determined.
Coupling time duration of 120s with time step of 0.1s and transient analyses are also defined in this simulation.
Fig. 6 shows CFX simulation model with defined boundary conditions (BC).

We employ numerical simulations to investigate the breakup of droplets in micro- and nanoscale T junctions which are used to produce small droplets from a large droplet.
A Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used and for verifying the accuracy of simulation the results compared with two analytical researches.
Urbant, (2006), "Numerical simulations of drops in microchannels," M.Sc. thesis, Technion [13] R.
Haynes, (2009), "On the CFD modeling of Taylor flow in microchannels ", Chemical Engineering Science 64, 2941-2950 [14] Ahmad Bedram, Ali Moosavi, (2010), "Numerical Investigation of droplets breakup in microfluidic T-junction", International Conference on Physics Science and Technology ICPST, Hong Kong, China, Paper ID: S066 [15] A.
Aluru, (2004), "Microflows and Nanoflows Fundamentals and Simulation", Springer

., No. 10-2-2, Medaniaga Siswa Jaya, Taman Siswa Jaya, Parit Raja 86400 , Johor, MALAYSIA amkamil@uthm.edu.my, bosama_43@yahoo.com, cakmaln@uthm.edu.my, dzaid@kaffconsultancy.com Keywords: Flat-Plate Film-cooling, CFD, CFX, RANS, URANS.
The computational domain is laterally restricted to include just half of the cooling hole and one cooling hole for RANS and U-RANS simulations respectively.
The near wall regions of the domain occupied with prism layer at y+ value less than one to provide better resolution for the simulation.
The boundary conditions of the simulation correspond to the experimental setup of Pietrzyk [5] as shown in Table 1.
In addition, the comparison of the cooling effectiveness on the wall between all model simulations shown that SST and U-RANS model simulations predicted a higher cooling efficiency than other models.

EFD research at towing tank is conducted for understanding physiscs of ship hydrodynamic, supporting simulation method, contributing to the database for model-scale surface ship resistance.
New experimental study for benchmarking data measurements is confirmed with the Steering Committee for CFD Workshop 2015 and it will be used as the new benchmark case.
Suzuki, Evaluation of surface-ship resistance and propulsion model-scale database for CFD validation, In: Proc. 1st Symposium on Marine Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics, McLean, VA, 19-21 May, 1998 (also see www.iihr.uiowa.edu/gothenburg2000)
Hirata, New Benchmark Data: The model ship Japan Bulk Carrier (JBC), Steering Committee CFD Workshop ITTC, 2014

The efficiency of the developed algorithm is demonstrated by the numerical experiments on the simulation of the three-dimensional turbulent steady flowfield generated by the transverse hydrogen injection into the supersonic air cross-flow.
Introduction At the present time, TVD (Total Variation Diminishing), ENO (Essentially Non-Oscillatory) and WENO (Weighted ENO) schemes are successful tools for numerical simulations of supersonic flows.
The efficiency of the developed algorithm is demonstrated by the numerical simulation of the three-dimensional turbulent steady flowfield generated by the transverse hydrogen injection into the supersonic air cross-flow by solving the Reynolds-averagedNavier-Stokes equationsclosedbythe turbulent model.
The methodology developed here is aplicated to the numerical simulation of the three-dimensional turbulent steady flowfield generated by the transverse hydrogen injection into the supersonic air cross-flow by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equationsclosedbythe turbulent model.
Wilcox: Turbulence modeling for CFD (DCW Industries Inc., USA 2000) [9] Ye.

. , Chang chun 130025, China; 2 State Key Lab. of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin Univ. , Chang Chun 130025, China a707193961@qq.com, blimingtiger@jlu.edu.cn, cxiaoye199046@126.com,d157178304@qq.com,e646358306@qq.com Key words: Numerical Simulation, Flow Distribution, Fitting Correlations Abstract：In this paper, the heat transfer rate of parallel flow heat exchanger was obtained in the condition of non-uniform flow distribution by 3D numerical simulation.
The concept of the second set of the tube was proposed by Anjun Jiao and Rui Zhang[7].The relation between S and Re in different forms of the tube bas been summarized.The uniformity of flow distribution has been improved by optimization of the forms.These researchs focused on the influence of structure changing.However, the non-uniform flow distribution on heat transfer efficiency was rarely involved.The correlation of the influence of non-uniform flow distribution on heat transfer efficiency was obtained by the comparative analysis of non-uniform flow distribution and heat transfer efficiency and regression calculation.The design consideration is accurately provided by the relation. 3D numerical simulation of the heat transfer rate of parallel flow heat exchanger Model and boundary conditions In this paper,two processes parallel flow heat exchanger has been researched.The first processes is made of 9 tubes,and the second is made of 12 tubes.Based on the CFD software for the flow of
the inside fluid of the heat exchanger ,condition on the heat transfer has been simulation analyzed by finite element method of mass conservation equation ,standard k - epsilon model,liquid R134a , 0.001003kg/（m·s）of inlet viscosity,1265kg/m3 of density,0.0093m3/s of the initial import flow,0.1m/s of flow velocity,pressure outlet and 190000Pa of gauge pressure.
The actual heat exchange capacity can be obtained by the 3D numerical simulation and the theory heat exchange capacity of parallel flow heat exchanger by 1D calculation .
Conclusion In this paper, the heat transfer rate of parallel flow heat exchanger was obtained in the condition of non-uniform flow distribution by 3D numerical simulation.The maximum theoretical heat transfer rate of parallel flow heat exchanger was obtained through 1D calculation.

Analysis of the meshless method numerical simulation results The following numerical examples are used to analyze the results of the numerical simulation, in which the average error of the nodes value are mainly analyzed.
Besides, with the increasing of the influence domain radius, the simulation accuracy of m=2 and m=0 is improving, which describe that the size of the influence domain directly affects the accuracy of the simulation results.
Fig.3 shows the influence of the influence domain radius to the simulation results when the integral domain radius is 0.16667 and N=100.
Therefore, the influence domain increasing makes the average error to be stable. 2.4 The simulation of two-dimensional Poisson equation with derivative boundary condition using RPIM method (1) The simulation equation of the example is the same as 2.3, the numerical analysis is shown in Fig.4.
Liu, A parallelized meshfree method with boundary enrichment for largescale CFD, Journal of Computational Physics, 176(2002), pp. 483-506

A numerical simulation is carried out to minimize the flow maldistribution inside the microchannel.
From the simulation results it was found that the mal-distribution is significantly affected by flow rate and shape of the header.
In the numerical simulation, it is identified that CFD is a suitable tool for predicting the flow distribution and for optimizing the design of the microchannel.
Shuaib, Numerical simulation of heat transfer in wavy microchannel heat sink, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. 38 (2011) 63-68

A two-dimensional CFD model is built to simulate the combustion chamber domain, and the partially premixed combustion model with a postprocessor for NOx calculations is used to simulate the combustion process inside the combustion chamber.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was also applied to SNCR.
In respect of physical models, by considering the accuracy and stability of the models and by referring to the evaluation reports of other researchers, the standard k-ε Model [9],P-1 radiation model [10] and non-premixed combustion model with β–type probability density function are adopted for turbulence, radiation and combustion simulations, respectively.
The simulation conditions are provided by Formosa Petrochemical Corporation.
From the simulation results, it is found that refractory thickening has little influence on the reacting flow and NOx formation in the oxidizer section.