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Then the flow fields and inclusion removal efficiency in a two-strand tundish were numerically calculated by CFD software.
The mathematical simulations were run on a P-IV processor computer with the CFD software CFX.

Nowadays, the aerodynamic data of airfoils is obtained mainly by the viscous-nonviscous iteration method[7] considering potential flow and boundary layer, the computational fluid dynamics method(CFD) based on N-S equations[8] and wind tunnel experiments[9] and so on.
In this paper, the XFOIL software is selected in the optimized design of airfoils due to the complexity of the CFD method in the calculating process.
[8] Ma Linjing, Chen Jiang, Du Gang, Cao Renjing.Numerical Simulation of Aerodynamic Performance for Wind Turbine Airfoils[J].ACTA ENERCIAE SOLARS SINICA,2010,32(2):203-209

The flow driven by heat difference and buoyant force in such a cavity has been widely investigated by simulations or experiments.
Compared to conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithm that solve the momentum and energy equations by finite volume method (FVM)[2] or arbitrary Lagrange equation (ALE), LBM uses a kinetic equation to solve the flow at microscopic level and conservative transport equation for macroscopic variables, which is time-cost saving and easy to parallelization[3].
In section 2, numerical method for the 2D differentially heated cavity simulation is described, including the governing equations and physical model.
Results for the simulations under different Rayleigh numbers from 103 to 106, and the aspect ratios range from 0.5 to 10 are obtained.
Table 1 Comparison of D2Q9 LBM simulations with Benchmark analysis Ra 103 104 105 106 CDA [1] 1.117 2.238 4.509 8.817 present 1.1313 2.2763 4.5641 8.8443 Fig. 2 presents the streamlines for and 106 of a standard square cavity.

Such problems are solved by multi field numerical simulation approach.
Multi-Field Simulation Modeling With rapid developments in numerical methods, especially in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), researchers are applying it in predicting and solving complex fluid structure interaction (FSI) problems.
The displaced shape from CSD is further coupled with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), from which new loadings are determined.
Coupling time duration of 120s with time step of 0.1s and transient analyses are also defined in this simulation.
Fig. 6 shows CFX simulation model with defined boundary conditions (BC).

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques provide a method to solve these problems.
So far, it is generally accepted that CFD codes have difficulties in estimating impact loads [14].
CFD methods are time consuming, making statistical estimations of response variables in sea difficult [4].
Discussion Establishing an inverse problem analysis approach for structural analysis can result in important advantages over simulation, numerical or theoretical methods.
In contrast, they are necessary for valid and accurate simulation, numerical or theoretical analysis.

Simulation and validation Because the temperature distribution of cylinder head is affected by the high temperature gas, coolant, as well as the intake and exhaust gas, coupling simulation was carried out for higher precision and creditability. [3-4] Fig.3 and 4 show the three-dimensional models of simplified valve bridge of cylinder head with and without drilled cooling, respectively.
Fig.2 Geometrical model of simulative valve bridge of cylinder head Fig.3 Geometrical model of simulative valve bridge of cylinder head with drilled cooling Results According to the mathematical model and the heat transfer boundary, FEA and CFD simulations were carried out to obtain the temperature field with and without drilled cooling.
Conclusion Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are carried out to investigate the heat transfer of drilled cooling in the valve bridge of cylinder head.
Simulation and Experiment of Temperature Field on Diesel Engine Cylinder Head before and after Enhancement of Power [J].
Numerical Simulation on Flow and Heat Transfer of Cooling System in a Six Cylinder Diesel Engine [J].

The SIMPLEC method was employed for the pressure-velocity coupling for all simulations.
The simulations of the annular computational domain employed an O-type body-fitted grid system with quadrilateral cells.
Thus, all results reported here are for simulations using 240×160 cells in a computational domain.
Dass: Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Viscous Flow past Elliptical Cylinder.
CFD Letters, Vol.4(2012) [5] Shih-Sheng Chen and Ruey-Hor Yen: Physics of fluids23,114105(2011) [6] Noack, B., Eckelmann, H.: J.

We employ numerical simulations to investigate the breakup of droplets in micro- and nanoscale T junctions which are used to produce small droplets from a large droplet.
A Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used and for verifying the accuracy of simulation the results compared with two analytical researches.
Urbant, (2006), "Numerical simulations of drops in microchannels," M.Sc. thesis, Technion [13] R.
Haynes, (2009), "On the CFD modeling of Taylor flow in microchannels ", Chemical Engineering Science 64, 2941-2950 [14] Ahmad Bedram, Ali Moosavi, (2010), "Numerical Investigation of droplets breakup in microfluidic T-junction", International Conference on Physics Science and Technology ICPST, Hong Kong, China, Paper ID: S066 [15] A.
Aluru, (2004), "Microflows and Nanoflows Fundamentals and Simulation", Springer

The pressure waves in one working cycle and the flow field were displayed based on numerical simulation.
The efficiency from both numerical simulation and experiment tend to go up with the increasing of the outlet pressure and then fall down.
The two curves show a good agreement, while the results of simulation are a little higher than the experiment.
The generation and propagation of pressure waves and the flow field inside a pressure-exchange ejector can be obtained clearly based on numerical simulation.
A CFD study of wave rotor losses due to the gradual opening of rotor passage inlets.

A two-dimensional CFD model is built to simulate the combustion chamber domain, and the partially premixed combustion model with a postprocessor for NOx calculations is used to simulate the combustion process inside the combustion chamber.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was also applied to SNCR.
In respect of physical models, by considering the accuracy and stability of the models and by referring to the evaluation reports of other researchers, the standard k-ε Model [9],P-1 radiation model [10] and non-premixed combustion model with β–type probability density function are adopted for turbulence, radiation and combustion simulations, respectively.
The simulation conditions are provided by Formosa Petrochemical Corporation.
From the simulation results, it is found that refractory thickening has little influence on the reacting flow and NOx formation in the oxidizer section.