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John Schakenbach, Robert Vollaro and Reynaldo Forte (2006) analyzed the key elements of the ARP (Acid Rain Program) and the NBTP (NOx Budget Trading designed), such as punishment, emissions data on record, consolidated supervision, the availability of public data, in order to provide feasible suggestions to other "cap-and-trade" mode systems [10].
The first stage is the phase of voluntary emissions reduction.
Certified emission reductions deal is a deal for CDM project emission reductions.
The first stage is voluntary emissions reduction.
The second stage is mandatory emissions reduction.

Abstract: This paper proposes the reduction of warping after the machining of alloys of brass with lead.
The data were obtained using Hexagon software, Model PC DMIS 4.2.
This indicates that the heat treatment influenced the reduction of warping in the piece.
In the machining process this leads to a reduction of the friction coefficient between the tool and the material; it creates discontinuity which results in fragmentation of the chip and reduces cutting forces and tool wear.
The grain size reduction agrees with studies performed by Fontaine and Keast [5] who found that the addition of lead in the alloy significantly changes the microstructure of the material, and is the main difference in the grain size, which is ten times smaller compared to brass without lead.

Instead, the forward-backward extrusion simulations were run with a forward reduction of 75% and a backward extrusion reduction of 45%.
The averaged load data taken from the experiments is presented in Fig. 9.
The load data suggests that there is not a real advantage to using the proposed tooling on the annealed aluminum, as the conditions in the traditional case are not severe enough to improve upon.
Fig. 9: Load Data from the BCE Experiments Although the experiments did not always show a load reduction as a result of allowing the die wall to slide, they did provide some useful results.
"Hard Coatings for Lubrication Reduction in Metal Forming." 

The data obtained from the production tests prove feasibility of implementation of this process and allow assessing economic efficiency of zinc-containing dust recovery.
Research in Kinetics of Zinc and Iron Oxides Reduction As zinc is distilled at the temperatures exceeding 1,100о C only in the form of metal and is present in the dust and sludge in the form of oxide, it is expedient to use carbon-thermal reduction in a Waelz kiln for zinc extraction.
Thus, the pellets were suitable for reduction in the Waelz kiln of Mednogorsk Copper Sulfur Enterprise (OOO).
Pellet reduction was carried out in the carbon dioxide flow at the temperature of 1,200 оС during 1 h 25 min.
Tanutrov, On zinc reduction with carbon, Journal of Academy of sciences of the USSR.

Introduction Data communication between different CAD system become quite frequent [1-5], data conversion is an important issue which includes two problems: degree reduction and merging.
Merging many curves to get one curve is one of main data reduction.
Then the error of merger is very great, it is difficult to use in data communication.
Merging is main method for data reduction, if more than knot are inserted, the data will increase.
[8] Q Q Hu, G J Wang, Optimal multi-degree reduction of triangular Bezier surfaces with corners continuity in norm , Compute Appl Math.

The phase analysis of the anode before and after reduction were obtained using a Bede D 1 X-ray Diffractometer by scanning at a rate of 0.05° per step length with the retention time per second in the range 20°-70°; the data were recorded using a computer.
The thermal expansion coefficients of the samples were measured in air from 50 to 900 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃·min -1 using a dilatometer (DIL402C/3/G), and the data were automatically recorded using a computer.
The size of the smaller pores caused by the reduction of metal oxide is less than 1 µm.
Fig.1 SEM of the Cu4 anode after reduction 20 40 60 Ni Cu 2θ (C) SDC CuO Ni0.75Cu0.25O Relative Intensity(a.u.)
The main phases of the anode before reduction. are SDC, Ni0.75Cu0.25O, and NiO ,The main phases of the anode after the reduction at 700 ℃ are Cu, Ni, and SDC, which shows that the reduction is complete.

The catalytic activity in the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions was measured using IPC Pro MF potentiostat (Russia).
Sizes of Pt and Pd nanoparticles with AF-9-6 and AOT according to AFM data Surfactant NPs d, nm ω = 1.5 ω = 5 ω = 8 АОТ Pt 2.6-3.4 4.5-6.8 6.2-9.0 Pd 5.0-6.5 7.9-9.1 9.3-10.7 AF-9-6 Pt 2.2-2.8 3.0-4.2 5.5-6.7 Pd 4.4-5.5 5.7-6.9 6.8-8.2 From the analysis of the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the minimum particle size is characteristic of systems synthesized with nonionic surfactant – AF-9-6.
Table 2 shows data on the comparison of the sizes of Pt and Pd nanoparticles obtained with nonionic (AF-9-6) and anionic surfactants (AOT) in the composition of Pt/Nf and Pd/Nf metal polymers.
According to SEM data, the average size of palladium and platinum nanoparticles varies from 3 to 9 nm (Table. 2) for ω from 1.5 to 8, which is consistent with the data obtained by atomic force microscopy and the smallest particle size is characteristic of samples formed with AF-9-6 and ω = 1.5.
Size distribution of Pt and Pd nanoparticles on the Nafion according to SEM data.

Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were incorporated into free-standing polymer films, where isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was used, by a one-step dry process involving simultaneous vaporization, absorption and reduction schemes of palladium(II) bis(acetylacetonate), Pd(acac)2 at 180o C, used as a precursor. iPP film was exposed to the sublimed Pd(acac)2 vapor in a glass vessel with nitrogen atmosphere heated at 180 o C.
In order to measure the thermal degradation rate, TGA data measured by the heating rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 oC /min at the nitrogen atmosphere of 200 ml/min.
The TGA data was introduced to the Ozawa equation and the degradation activation energy was calculated according to the degradation ratio.
There have been many well known methods for the loading of metal nanoparticles into a polymer and they can mainly be classified into five: (1) a metallic precursor solution and a polymer solution are mixed in a reactor, and then the metallic precursor is reduced to the metallic nanoparticles during stirring, heating and evaporating the solvent [1-3]; (2) a metallic precursor dissolved in a monomer is reduced to the metallic nanoparticles during the polymerization process [4,5]; (3) a colloidal metal nanoparticles is dispersed in either a monomer or a polymer solution [6,7]; (4) a solvent containing a metal precursor impregnates into a polymer matrix, and then metal nanoparticles are generated by treating with reduction agents or thermolysis [8,9]; and (5) a sublimed metallic precursor penetrates into the polymer film and is reduced to self-assembled metallic nanoparticles [10,11].
To get the thermal degradation activation energy, these temperatures were converted to T -1 and a straight line was created by the relationship between log β and T -1 data for Ozawa equation, as displayed in Fig.3.

The Ce-V/TiO2 catalysts with the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) were prepared by method of Sol-gel and insuccation.
Especially, V2O5 on TiO2 is a very active catalyst in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NH3.
In this work, The Ce-V/TiO2 catalysts with the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) were prepared by sol-gel and insuccation.
The activity data were obtained when the catalytic reaction substantially reached a steady-state condition for half an hour at each temperature.
Consequently, the NOx conversion was reduction. 3.

Bored pile as a major type of foundation, during the construction process, hole collapse or weak air tightness of catheter leads mud layers or broken pile, which makes bearing capacity reduction or even complete loss leading differential settlement of building foundations.
By using of large-scale numerical analysis software MATLAB, the data obtained has been fitted deriving empirical formulas, which researches how different thickness and depth of mud layers impact on bearing capacity of bored piles, having a certain engineering applications.
During the construction process, hole collapse or weak air tightness of catheter leads mud layers or broken pile, which makes bearing capacity reduction or even complete loss leading differential settlement of building foundations.
By using of large-scale numerical analysis software MATLAB, the data obtained has been fitted deriving empirical formulas, which researches how different thickness and depth of mud layers impact on bearing capacity of bored piles.