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Enhancing properties of reinforcing steel by chemical phosphatation Costică BEJINARIU1a, Petru LAZĂR1b, Andrei Victor SANDU1,2,c , Alin Marian CAZAC1d, Ioan Gabriel SANDU1,3e, Ofelia CORBU4f 1Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Blvd.
Mangeron 41, 700050, Iasi, Romania 2 Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia 3Romanian Inventors Forum, Str.
Experimental Materials The steel bar used is a commercial hot rolled steel type, OB 37 with the composition according to table 1 and the following mechanical characteristics: Rm 360N/mm2, Re 255 N/mm2 and A5 25% (Fig. 1) [2, 3].
Preparation and structural and chemical characterization, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 14 (2012) 699-703
Evaluation of corrosion resistance, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 14, 7-8, (2012) 704-708

Compared with other toughening methods, laminated structure compositing can toughen the ceramic materials without weakening the strength. toughening effect is achieved by adding soft high temperature resistant materials in the brittle ceramic materials which can improve both bending strength and fracture toughness[3].
With the temperature further increasing, the grain size increases quickly, and the pores are hard to exclude and stay inside the material, and the property of materials will decline.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China ( No.51562012).
Yang, Materials processing and research progress.
Su, Progress in research on toughening and designing of laminated ceramic composites, Journal of China Refractories. 41 (2007) 302-306

Nam 5,f 1 Research Institute of Steel Process and Application (RISPA) and Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791, Korea 2 Divison of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Inchon, 402-751, Korea 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea 5 RISPA and Department of Metallurgical and Materials Science, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791,Korea a epyoon@hanyang.ac.kr, bsolid96@chol.com, cwyyoon@korea.ac.kr, dmhkim@inha.ac.kr, e kwonhkim@korea.ac.kr, ftwnam@hanyang.ac.kr Keywords: Aluminum alloy, primary Silicon, electromagnetic force, Al-Si, vibration Abstract.
The structural control of Al-Si alloy, which was not studied among various electromagnetic processing of materials, was considered applying the alternating current and direct current magnetic flux density.
Acknowledgement The support of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (R01-2001-000-00258-0) for research is gratefully acknowledged.
Niyama: Journal of Metals, Nov. (1987), p. 34 [2] I.J.

Effect of Ball Milling on Structure of Microcrystalline Cellulose Si-ting Su 1, Jian Xiong 1,2, Jun Ye1,* 1 School of Light Chemistry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Corresponding author: jye@scut.edu.cn Keywords: Microcrystalline cellulose, Ball milling, Crystallinity Abstract.
Ball milling has been proved to be an efficient tool to induce the crystal structure change of several materials, like metals[7] and organic substances[8], ect..
Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National 973 project (2010CB732201), the National Natural Foundation of China (project 31270617) and the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (Sichuan University, KF201301).
Horita: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 47(2012), p. 7821-7827 [8] F.
Wu: AIChE Journal Vol.57 (2011), p. 793-800 [10] H.

In general, any design has design variables, such as structure’s cross-section sizes, beam’s length, or material parameters, etc.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y106801) and Tian Jin Natural Science Foundation of China (993802511).
[2] Singh Sadhu and Kulkarni S.V.: Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Mechanical Engineering Division, Vol. 57 (1976) No.9, p.72
[3] Azzam, B.S.: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, Vol. 224 (2010) No.3, p.347
[5] Zhao Hong, Chen Gang and Zhou Jun-Zhe: Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 433-440 (2012), p. 2201

Materials and Methods 1.1 Description of the site studied Lake Gehu (31º29'−31º42' N, 119º44'−119º53' E) is a moderate large and shallow lake with an area of 164 km2, a mean depth of 1.7 m, located in Yangtze delta which is the most industrialized area in China.
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 1(1):51-56.(1999) [12] Murphy J, Riley.
Soil Science, 163(1):36-45.(1988) [14] Zhang R Y, Wu F C and Liu C Q.
Journal of Environmental Science,25(4):637-644.(2013) [17] Xu D, Ding S M and Fan C X.
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67(2):497-510.(2013) [19] Jorgensen C, Jensen H S and Andersen F O.

A.Chrobak1,a , M.Karolus2 , G.Haneczok2 1) Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Uniwersytecka 4, Poland 2)Institute of Materials Science, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Bankowa 12, Poland a artur.chrobak@us.edu.pl Keywords: mould suction casting, bulk amorphous materials, bulk nanocrystalline materials, XRD measurements.
Fe-based amorphous and nanocrystalline materials exhibit, in a comparison with their crystalline form, excellent soft magnetic properties [1].
In this context searching a proper alloy composition in order to obtain bulk amorphous or nanocrystalline materials is important from scientific as well as practical point of view.
It seems that a proper casting method of bulk materials is as significant as a proper alloy chemical composition.
Lupu, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 250-252 (1999) 751-756

INFLUENCE OF PRELIMINARY DEFORMATION ON MICROMECHANISMS OF FAILURE OF OFFSHORE GAS PIPELINE MATERIAL Pavlo Maruschak1,a, Iryna Danyliuk,1,b , Lyubomyr Poberezhnyi2, Taras Pyrig2, Sergey Panin3,4 1Ternopil Ivan Pul’uj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ruska 56 str., 46001, Ukraine 2Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Ivano-Frankivsk, Karpatska 15 str., 76000, Ukraine 3Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Tomsk, pr.
The mechanical properties of the pipe material are given in Table 1.
The above conclusions coincide with the data obtained for the structurally non-uniform materials under tension-compression loading conditions.
Heerema Major deepwater pipelay vessel starts work in North Sea, Oil and Gas Journal 96 (1998) 78–82
Embrittlement of pre-fracture zone material, Procedia Engineering 2 (2010) 453-463

Introduction Apply chemical heat treatment to superficial hardening of material of steel products.
Shapochkin, Effect of nitrogen content on the structure and properties of nitrocarburized steel, Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 52 (2011) 413-419
Semenova, Laws of formation of diffusion layers and solution of the diffusion problem in temperature-cycle carbonitriding of steel, Metal Science and Heat Treatment. 55 (2013) 34-37
Bakhracheva, Fracture toughness prediction by means of indentation test, International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 9 (2013) 21-24
Bakhracheva, The Method for Lifetime Estimation Through the Mechanical Properties in Tension, Science Journal of Volgograd State University, Technology and Innovations. 11 (2014) 27-32.

Experimental Materials.
Acknowledgement This study is supported by Chongqing Science Fund(CSTC.2010AA1002).
[2] Jyh-Ping Chen, Yi-Ping Chiang: Journal of Membrane Science, 270 (2006), p.212-220
Okubayashi: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105(2007), p.2091-2097.