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Online since: February 2023
Authors: Vera Golovacheva, Nikolay Yashtulov, Alexey Antropov, Vadim Erasov, Marina V. Lebedeva
The catalytic activity in the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions was measured using IPC Pro MF potentiostat (Russia).
Sizes of Pt and Pd nanoparticles with AF-9-6 and AOT according to AFM data Surfactant NPs d, nm ω = 1.5 ω = 5 ω = 8 АОТ Pt 2.6-3.4 4.5-6.8 6.2-9.0 Pd 5.0-6.5 7.9-9.1 9.3-10.7 AF-9-6 Pt 2.2-2.8 3.0-4.2 5.5-6.7 Pd 4.4-5.5 5.7-6.9 6.8-8.2 From the analysis of the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the minimum particle size is characteristic of systems synthesized with nonionic surfactant – AF-9-6.
Table 2 shows data on the comparison of the sizes of Pt and Pd nanoparticles obtained with nonionic (AF-9-6) and anionic surfactants (AOT) in the composition of Pt/Nf and Pd/Nf metal polymers.
According to SEM data, the average size of palladium and platinum nanoparticles varies from 3 to 9 nm (Table. 2) for ω from 1.5 to 8, which is consistent with the data obtained by atomic force microscopy and the smallest particle size is characteristic of samples formed with AF-9-6 and ω = 1.5.
Size distribution of Pt and Pd nanoparticles on the Nafion according to SEM data.
Sizes of Pt and Pd nanoparticles with AF-9-6 and AOT according to AFM data Surfactant NPs d, nm ω = 1.5 ω = 5 ω = 8 АОТ Pt 2.6-3.4 4.5-6.8 6.2-9.0 Pd 5.0-6.5 7.9-9.1 9.3-10.7 AF-9-6 Pt 2.2-2.8 3.0-4.2 5.5-6.7 Pd 4.4-5.5 5.7-6.9 6.8-8.2 From the analysis of the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the minimum particle size is characteristic of systems synthesized with nonionic surfactant – AF-9-6.
Table 2 shows data on the comparison of the sizes of Pt and Pd nanoparticles obtained with nonionic (AF-9-6) and anionic surfactants (AOT) in the composition of Pt/Nf and Pd/Nf metal polymers.
According to SEM data, the average size of palladium and platinum nanoparticles varies from 3 to 9 nm (Table. 2) for ω from 1.5 to 8, which is consistent with the data obtained by atomic force microscopy and the smallest particle size is characteristic of samples formed with AF-9-6 and ω = 1.5.
Size distribution of Pt and Pd nanoparticles on the Nafion according to SEM data.
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Shou Ping Shang, Bo Wen Zhu, Xue Zhang Wen
Testing Results.The defining damping coefficient (acceleration reduction coefficient) is given as below,
Defining X direction as the paralleled direction of housing short side.
Figure 11 shows comparison charts of schedule curves in acceleration tests, in the coordinate axis, X-axis indicates time (U:ms), and Y-axis indicates acceleration (U:m/s2), and the comprehensive data analysis results are shown in Chart 1 and Chart 2.
X direction Test No.1 X direction Test No.2 X direction Test No.3 X direction Test No.4 X direction Test No.5 Y direction Test No.1 Y direction Test No.2 Y direction Test No.3 Fig.11 Comparison charts of schedule curves in acceleration test Table.1 Data processing of direction X test No. acceleration of the first floor () acceleration of the basement () reduction rate of acceleration damping coefficient maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum reduction mini- mum reduction mean value 1 0.00222 -0.00222 0.00422 -0.00406 0.526 0.547 0.536 0.576 2 0.00222 -0.00244 0.00342 -0.00441 0.649 0.553 0.601 3 0.00251 -0.00187 0.00369 -0.00389 0.680 0.481 0.580 4 0.00324 -0.00214 0.00407 -0.00435 0.796 0.492 0.644 5 0.00202 -0.00232 0.00419 -0.0042 0.482 0.552 0.517 test No. acceleration of the first floor () acceleration of the basement () reduction
rate of acceleration damping coefficient maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum reduction mini- mum reduction mean value 1 0.00202 -0.0041 0.00495 -0.00469 0.408 0.874 0.641 0.666 2 0.00236 -0.00418 0.00501 -0.00456 0.471 0.917 0.694 3 0.00243 -0.00464 0.00527 -0.00537 0.461 0.864 0.663 Table.2 Data processing of direction Y Conclusion (1) the reinforced-asphalt composite isolation layer technology has been successfully applied to a rural civil building.
The test result indicates that the damping coefficient of X direction is 0.576 (acceleration reduction coefficient is 57.6%), while 0.666 (acceleration reduction coefficient is 66.6%) of Y direction, which shows a satisfying damping effect
Figure 11 shows comparison charts of schedule curves in acceleration tests, in the coordinate axis, X-axis indicates time (U:ms), and Y-axis indicates acceleration (U:m/s2), and the comprehensive data analysis results are shown in Chart 1 and Chart 2.
X direction Test No.1 X direction Test No.2 X direction Test No.3 X direction Test No.4 X direction Test No.5 Y direction Test No.1 Y direction Test No.2 Y direction Test No.3 Fig.11 Comparison charts of schedule curves in acceleration test Table.1 Data processing of direction X test No. acceleration of the first floor () acceleration of the basement () reduction rate of acceleration damping coefficient maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum reduction mini- mum reduction mean value 1 0.00222 -0.00222 0.00422 -0.00406 0.526 0.547 0.536 0.576 2 0.00222 -0.00244 0.00342 -0.00441 0.649 0.553 0.601 3 0.00251 -0.00187 0.00369 -0.00389 0.680 0.481 0.580 4 0.00324 -0.00214 0.00407 -0.00435 0.796 0.492 0.644 5 0.00202 -0.00232 0.00419 -0.0042 0.482 0.552 0.517 test No. acceleration of the first floor () acceleration of the basement () reduction
rate of acceleration damping coefficient maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum mini- mum maxi- mum reduction mini- mum reduction mean value 1 0.00202 -0.0041 0.00495 -0.00469 0.408 0.874 0.641 0.666 2 0.00236 -0.00418 0.00501 -0.00456 0.471 0.917 0.694 3 0.00243 -0.00464 0.00527 -0.00537 0.461 0.864 0.663 Table.2 Data processing of direction Y Conclusion (1) the reinforced-asphalt composite isolation layer technology has been successfully applied to a rural civil building.
The test result indicates that the damping coefficient of X direction is 0.576 (acceleration reduction coefficient is 57.6%), while 0.666 (acceleration reduction coefficient is 66.6%) of Y direction, which shows a satisfying damping effect
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Jing Zhou, Kai Liang Chen, Lian Heng Zhao
The calculation method of non-linear earthquake response time analysis is Newmark-β integration at different displacement ductility factor μ and strength reduction factor R levels ranging from 1 to 10.
Assuming DM|IMPGA is lognormal distribution, probability density function of structural response can be represented by: (1) A linear regression of ln(dm) on ln(im) yields the coefficients a and b; the standard deviation of regression , measuring the second moment of data points around the predicted curve, can be used to estimate the dispersion measure .
(a) (b) Fig.5 Standard deviation of natural logarithm under the condition of constant-ductility (a) (b) Fig.6 Standard deviation of natural logarithm under the condition of constant-strength reduction factors Figure 6 shows that strength reduction factor (R) and structural period have significant influence on dispersion degree.
(2) Ductility level and strength reduction factor have great influence on the correlation between IM and the maximum displacement response
(3) Structural period, ductility level and strength reduction factor have important influence on dispersions of structural seismic response, and Sa(T1) and PGV are relatively efficient IM.
Assuming DM|IMPGA is lognormal distribution, probability density function of structural response can be represented by: (1) A linear regression of ln(dm) on ln(im) yields the coefficients a and b; the standard deviation of regression , measuring the second moment of data points around the predicted curve, can be used to estimate the dispersion measure .
(a) (b) Fig.5 Standard deviation of natural logarithm under the condition of constant-ductility (a) (b) Fig.6 Standard deviation of natural logarithm under the condition of constant-strength reduction factors Figure 6 shows that strength reduction factor (R) and structural period have significant influence on dispersion degree.
(2) Ductility level and strength reduction factor have great influence on the correlation between IM and the maximum displacement response
(3) Structural period, ductility level and strength reduction factor have important influence on dispersions of structural seismic response, and Sa(T1) and PGV are relatively efficient IM.
Online since: August 2020
Authors: Ahmed M. Salman, Hamada M. Gad, Ibrahim A. Ibrahim, Tharwat M. Farag
It indicated that, 400 degrees increase in air temperature causes a 37.1% reduction in flame length.
It was observed that, adding H2 results reduction in flame length.
Data acquisition was used; the data were corrected for radiation and convection errors.
This reduction in the flame temperature in axial direction is nearly constant.
The reduction in the flame length is due to increases the chemical reaction rate which reduces the time of combustion.
It was observed that, adding H2 results reduction in flame length.
Data acquisition was used; the data were corrected for radiation and convection errors.
This reduction in the flame temperature in axial direction is nearly constant.
The reduction in the flame length is due to increases the chemical reaction rate which reduces the time of combustion.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Atria Pradityana, Abdullah Shahab, Sulistijono Sulistijono
Obtained data from weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods has shown the value of inhibition efficiency (% IE) is proportional toadded inhibitor concentration.
Tafel constants data indicates that MP extract can act as cathodic and anodic inhibitors (type of mixed inhibitor).
It shows that MP extract works relatively well in the cathodic sides, by reducing the rate of reduction of Na+ion.
From the measured data using weight-loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods indicates that the value of inhibition efficiency increases as increasing MP extract concentrations.
Corrosion parameter data has shown that MP extract is mixed type of inhibitor, working on anodic and cathodic sides.
Tafel constants data indicates that MP extract can act as cathodic and anodic inhibitors (type of mixed inhibitor).
It shows that MP extract works relatively well in the cathodic sides, by reducing the rate of reduction of Na+ion.
From the measured data using weight-loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods indicates that the value of inhibition efficiency increases as increasing MP extract concentrations.
Corrosion parameter data has shown that MP extract is mixed type of inhibitor, working on anodic and cathodic sides.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: A.P.M. Baptista, A.G. Magalhães, Isabel R. Mendes, Arnaldo M.G. Pinto, Raul D.S.G. Campilho
Furthermore, no data is available about the effects of geometrical and material parameters (e.g. the Young’s modulus of adhesive, E) on the mechanical behaviour optimization of embedded repairs.
Furthermore, no data is available about the effects of geometrical and material parameters (e.g. the value of E of the adhesive) on the mechanical behaviour of embedded repairs.
For the SS repairs, the experimental data showed that for LO=10 mm plastic deformation of adherends or patches did not occur.
The experimental data also showed that increasing LO yields a strength improvement from LO=10 to 20 mm, but above this value of LO a steady-state value of Pm is achieved.
The reported reduction (maximum of 17.7% for LO=30 mm) is related to the reduced adherend thickness at the overlap region (1.6 mm, Fig. 1) because of the thickness reduction at both the adherend faces.
Furthermore, no data is available about the effects of geometrical and material parameters (e.g. the value of E of the adhesive) on the mechanical behaviour of embedded repairs.
For the SS repairs, the experimental data showed that for LO=10 mm plastic deformation of adherends or patches did not occur.
The experimental data also showed that increasing LO yields a strength improvement from LO=10 to 20 mm, but above this value of LO a steady-state value of Pm is achieved.
The reported reduction (maximum of 17.7% for LO=30 mm) is related to the reduced adherend thickness at the overlap region (1.6 mm, Fig. 1) because of the thickness reduction at both the adherend faces.
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Ji Gui Cheng, Cui Yang, Jian Feng Gao, Hai Gen He
Density and
open porosity of the NiO/SDC ceramics before and after reduction were tested by the Archimedes
method.
Single cell test was performed on a SOFC based on Ni/SDC anode supporting SDC electrolyte (50µm) with a homemade data acquisition device, using H2-3% H2O as fuel gas and air as oxidation gas.
Table1 Open porosity and relative density of the NiO/SDC cermets before and after reduction Sintering temperature /°C Relative density /% Open porosity /% Before H2 reduction After H2 reduction Before H2 reduction After H2 reduction 1250 75.32 54.90 24.23 38.50 1300 84.00 63.00 13.40 36.76 1350 88.00 66.00 10.54 33.65 1400 89.99 68.70 10.00 30.42 Results and Discussion Phase composition and structure of the NiO/SDC powders are shown in Fig.1.
Table1 lists relative density and open porosity of the NiO/SDC ceramics before and after reduction at different temperatures.
Open porosity of the Ni/SDC cermets is higher than that of the NiO/SDC ceramic, this can be ascribed to the reduction of NiO into Ni, remaining pores in the structure [2].
Single cell test was performed on a SOFC based on Ni/SDC anode supporting SDC electrolyte (50µm) with a homemade data acquisition device, using H2-3% H2O as fuel gas and air as oxidation gas.
Table1 Open porosity and relative density of the NiO/SDC cermets before and after reduction Sintering temperature /°C Relative density /% Open porosity /% Before H2 reduction After H2 reduction Before H2 reduction After H2 reduction 1250 75.32 54.90 24.23 38.50 1300 84.00 63.00 13.40 36.76 1350 88.00 66.00 10.54 33.65 1400 89.99 68.70 10.00 30.42 Results and Discussion Phase composition and structure of the NiO/SDC powders are shown in Fig.1.
Table1 lists relative density and open porosity of the NiO/SDC ceramics before and after reduction at different temperatures.
Open porosity of the Ni/SDC cermets is higher than that of the NiO/SDC ceramic, this can be ascribed to the reduction of NiO into Ni, remaining pores in the structure [2].
Online since: December 2013
Authors: Tiago Vieira De Carvalho, Renato José Sassi
The data analysis technology based on information and network economic environment, Business Intelligence (BI) emerges as the key to solve this problem [2].
It is directly related with control and planning on the following activities: data consolidation, goals measurement, management based on performance indicators [4].
There was improvements on the process standardization, level of IT service increases, reduction of the number of BO reports used, better integration on business units.
So, common corporate reports were built and that enabled a reduction of efforts on IT side to deal with local exclusive, non corporate reports or processes.
Marzona, “Data Value in Decision Process: Survey on Decision Support System in Small and Medium Enterprises”, MIPRO, 2012 Proceedings of the 35th International Convention, p. 1647 – 1654, 2012
It is directly related with control and planning on the following activities: data consolidation, goals measurement, management based on performance indicators [4].
There was improvements on the process standardization, level of IT service increases, reduction of the number of BO reports used, better integration on business units.
So, common corporate reports were built and that enabled a reduction of efforts on IT side to deal with local exclusive, non corporate reports or processes.
Marzona, “Data Value in Decision Process: Survey on Decision Support System in Small and Medium Enterprises”, MIPRO, 2012 Proceedings of the 35th International Convention, p. 1647 – 1654, 2012
Online since: April 2012
Authors: Andreas Leibold, Lothar Pfitzner, S. Gennaro, Roswitha Altmann, Michael Otto, Arnaud Favre, Sylvain Rioufrays, R. Dell'Anna, R. Canteri
Figure 2: TD-GCMS data from TENAX tubes (left) and from wafer desorption (right).
The GCMS data from desorbed silicon wafers showed that higher total organic contaminations were found in all four experiments where heating was applied.
The review of ICPMS data (Figure 3) showed no significant differences between the eight experiments.
The ToF-SIMS data show an organic contamination distribution with higher contamination close to the heating device which illustrates the influence of heat in the process.
The data for metal and ionic contamination showed that there is no additional contamination which is caused by the FOUP conditioning process or the test bench.
The GCMS data from desorbed silicon wafers showed that higher total organic contaminations were found in all four experiments where heating was applied.
The review of ICPMS data (Figure 3) showed no significant differences between the eight experiments.
The ToF-SIMS data show an organic contamination distribution with higher contamination close to the heating device which illustrates the influence of heat in the process.
The data for metal and ionic contamination showed that there is no additional contamination which is caused by the FOUP conditioning process or the test bench.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Hee Jung Lee, Chang Seop Lee, Sung Woo Choi, Jahun Kwak, Charles H.F. Peden
High energy resolution data was collected using a pass-over
energy of 23.5 eV.
The collected data was referenced to an energy scale with binding energies for Cu 2p3/2 at 932.67 ±0.05 eV and Au 4f at 84.0 ±0.05 eV.
The NOx conversion data was measured by a chemiluminiscent NOx meter (California Analytical Instruments Model 400-HCLD) and stored in the processing computer.
2.540 62.770 15.760 18.930 1.201 KY100 K 3.333 << 65.953 13.904 16.810 1.209 Alkali Metals CsY100 Cs 4.854 2.172 60.784 14.493 17.697 1.221 The XRF data showed that the sodium ions were exchanged to produce Si/Al ratios of 1.201~ 1.221, a level somewhat higher than that of the ICP-AES data.
This data further verified the fact that the surface distribution of the different phases, which are believed to be alumina/silica, was changed by the thermal treatment.
The collected data was referenced to an energy scale with binding energies for Cu 2p3/2 at 932.67 ±0.05 eV and Au 4f at 84.0 ±0.05 eV.
The NOx conversion data was measured by a chemiluminiscent NOx meter (California Analytical Instruments Model 400-HCLD) and stored in the processing computer.
2.540 62.770 15.760 18.930 1.201 KY100 K 3.333 << 65.953 13.904 16.810 1.209 Alkali Metals CsY100 Cs 4.854 2.172 60.784 14.493 17.697 1.221 The XRF data showed that the sodium ions were exchanged to produce Si/Al ratios of 1.201~ 1.221, a level somewhat higher than that of the ICP-AES data.
This data further verified the fact that the surface distribution of the different phases, which are believed to be alumina/silica, was changed by the thermal treatment.