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The conducting polymers are actuated or deformed by electrochemical oxidation and reduction.
Similarly, the peak at around -400 mV in the reduction cycle also shifted to higher potential side.
The shifting of curve to the direction of reduction indicates the degradation of film.
The data were obtained from Fig.2. 6 Energy conversion efficiency and summary of ECMS as the function of tensile stress in the artificial muscles of PPyDBS films operated in aqueous NaCl is summarized in Table 1.
The deformation data in Table 1 and Fig. 5 were obtained at 3rd cycle of each tensile stress.

Furthermore, no data is available about the effects of geometrical and material parameters (e.g. the Young’s modulus of adhesive, E) on the mechanical behaviour optimization of embedded repairs.
Furthermore, no data is available about the effects of geometrical and material parameters (e.g. the value of E of the adhesive) on the mechanical behaviour of embedded repairs.
For the SS repairs, the experimental data showed that for LO=10 mm plastic deformation of adherends or patches did not occur.
The experimental data also showed that increasing LO yields a strength improvement from LO=10 to 20 mm, but above this value of LO a steady-state value of Pm is achieved.
The reported reduction (maximum of 17.7% for LO=30 mm) is related to the reduced adherend thickness at the overlap region (1.6 mm, Fig. 1) because of the thickness reduction at both the adherend faces.

This paper proposes a responsibility sharing principle for carbon emissions considering carbon emission efficiency and energy structure, which tries to promote the regional cooperation for carbon reduction among different regions on the domestic level.
(8) Case studies To prove the effectiveness of the proposed sharing principle, this paper adopts the basic data including electricity production and carbon emissions of China’s six main regions for calculation.
The basic data is shown in table 1 Table 1 Basic data of China’s six main regions in 2008 Regions Thermal Power (TWh) Clean Energy (TWh) Carbon Emissions (Mt) Carbon Emission Efficiency (Mt/TWh) Energy Structure (%) Northeast 226.4 14.0 231.61 1.02 5.82 Northwest 212.7 59.3 197.14 0.927 21.8 North China 599.0 80.0 806.24 1.35 11.8 Central China 298.0 159.4 395.85 1.33 34.8 East China 1019.3 100.2 555.55 0.545 8.95 South China 447.4 303.9 326.38 0.730 40.4 Based on the carbon flow network model proposed in [7], the carbon flow network of China’s six-region system can be obtained which is shown in figure 1.
Fig. 1 Carbon flow network of six regions in China The elements of matrixandare calculated relying on the basic data listed in table 1 as follows: Assume that, the changing rate of the responsibility for carbon emissions that each region shares is shown in figure 2.
It promotes the carbon reduction with the interregional cooperation Case studies on the six-region carbon flow network of China demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed principle.

The initial data for calculation included temperature, pressure and also the full set of substances to be considered.
Data presented in Table 2 for the pressure 0.4 MPa corresponds to a more narrow temperature range, but the temperature step is 10 K.
These data allow to obtain the graphic dependence of equilibrium component contents in more detail.
The calculation data obtained allow to estimate the dependence of the temperature of "full" MnO to Mn reduction related to the pressure in equilibrium system.
Conclusion The numerical data obtained in the work allow to predict the metal (Mn) output in the temperature and pressure ranges specified.

The same letters are given to data not different statistically.
The same letters are given to data not different statistically.
The same letters are given to data not different statistically.
The same letters are given to data not different statistically.
The same letters are given to data not different statistically.

High energy resolution data was collected using a pass-over energy of 23.5 eV.
The collected data was referenced to an energy scale with binding energies for Cu 2p3/2 at 932.67 ±0.05 eV and Au 4f at 84.0 ±0.05 eV.
The NOx conversion data was measured by a chemiluminiscent NOx meter (California Analytical Instruments Model 400-HCLD) and stored in the processing computer.
2.540 62.770 15.760 18.930 1.201 KY100 K 3.333 << 65.953 13.904 16.810 1.209 Alkali Metals CsY100 Cs 4.854 2.172 60.784 14.493 17.697 1.221 The XRF data showed that the sodium ions were exchanged to produce Si/Al ratios of 1.201～ 1.221, a level somewhat higher than that of the ICP-AES data.
This data further verified the fact that the surface distribution of the different phases, which are believed to be alumina/silica, was changed by the thermal treatment.

Density and open porosity of the NiO/SDC ceramics before and after reduction were tested by the Archimedes method.
Single cell test was performed on a SOFC based on Ni/SDC anode supporting SDC electrolyte (50µm) with a homemade data acquisition device, using H2-3% H2O as fuel gas and air as oxidation gas.
Table1 Open porosity and relative density of the NiO/SDC cermets before and after reduction Sintering temperature /°C Relative density /% Open porosity /% Before H2 reduction After H2 reduction Before H2 reduction After H2 reduction 1250 75.32 54.90 24.23 38.50 1300 84.00 63.00 13.40 36.76 1350 88.00 66.00 10.54 33.65 1400 89.99 68.70 10.00 30.42 Results and Discussion Phase composition and structure of the NiO/SDC powders are shown in Fig.1.
Table1 lists relative density and open porosity of the NiO/SDC ceramics before and after reduction at different temperatures.
Open porosity of the Ni/SDC cermets is higher than that of the NiO/SDC ceramic, this can be ascribed to the reduction of NiO into Ni, remaining pores in the structure [2].

Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed the reduction of Au(III) to metallic gold, Au(0) in the crosslinked fibers.
For reproducibility of the data, the adsorption tests were duplicated and the standard errors were within 5%.
In addition, the GA did not only enhance the stability of the fibers, but also stimulated gold reduction from Au(III) to Au(0).
This property of the GA-crosslinked fibers could be helpful in the direct recovery of metallic gold from its aqueous solutions via adsorption-coupled-reduction mechanism.
Xia, Alginate fibers embedded with silver nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for reduction of 4-nitrophenol, RSC Adv. 5 (2015) 49534-49540.

Test equipment for studying the high temperature strength and deformation of metal materials should include three systems: loading system, heating and temperature control system, data measurement and recording system.
According to the statistical principle of data[9], three samples were used for each temperature in this test to determine the above properties.
Tensile test at room temperature, 100℃, 150℃, 200℃, 250℃, three data were obtained at each test temperature and averaged.
Three test data were obtained at each test temperature.
Three test data were obtained at each test temperature.

The modified model was fitted to experimental data to obtain the flow behavior index.
Arrhenius type equation was fitted to experimental data to obtain the activation energy due to different temperatures and shear rates.
Then experimental data was used to obtain model's constants.
The experimental data were fitted to two models (shear rate dependence at 50, 70, 90 o C and temperature dependence at 20, 12, 10, 6 rpm) by using Mathematica.
The reduction of viscosity causes by temperature is far more apparent as compare to shear rate.