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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Fung Fei Chen, Seng Cho Chou, Hsiao Wei Chen
Governments around the globe have been working hard to reduce carbon dioxide emissions effectively and meet the goals of energy conservation and carbon reduction [1-3].
The more products that are developed through recycling from microalgae, the more benefits of reasonable cost and high added value carbon reduction solutions can be achieved [4].
However, Taipower’s microalgal biotech skincare products have yet to be released to the market; hence, no actual marketing/consumer data is available for quantitative assessment.
In the analysis of social promotion benefits, four indicators for appraisal were used: “These products help promote skincare products developed based on carbon reduction”, “These products help raise interest to purchase products developed based on carbon reduction”, “These products help raise interest to produce products developed based on carbon reduction”, and “These products help governmental focus on products developed based on carbon reduction.”
Regarding other indicators, the indicator of “These products help promote skincare products developed based on carbon reduction” has an acceptance rate of 71.0%; the indicator of “These products help raise interest to purchase products developed based on carbon reduction” has an acceptance rate of 69.5%; and the indicator of “These products help raise interest to produce products developed based on carbon reduction” has an acceptance rate of 67.5%.
The more products that are developed through recycling from microalgae, the more benefits of reasonable cost and high added value carbon reduction solutions can be achieved [4].
However, Taipower’s microalgal biotech skincare products have yet to be released to the market; hence, no actual marketing/consumer data is available for quantitative assessment.
In the analysis of social promotion benefits, four indicators for appraisal were used: “These products help promote skincare products developed based on carbon reduction”, “These products help raise interest to purchase products developed based on carbon reduction”, “These products help raise interest to produce products developed based on carbon reduction”, and “These products help governmental focus on products developed based on carbon reduction.”
Regarding other indicators, the indicator of “These products help promote skincare products developed based on carbon reduction” has an acceptance rate of 71.0%; the indicator of “These products help raise interest to purchase products developed based on carbon reduction” has an acceptance rate of 69.5%; and the indicator of “These products help raise interest to produce products developed based on carbon reduction” has an acceptance rate of 67.5%.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: S. Bakhtyar, S.S. Raza, M. Tayyab, S. Pervez, A. Salahuddin
This data has been presented and analyzed from its environmental impact point of view.
The details of the measured data and dose estimations due to these releases have been presented and analyzed in section 4. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Distance (km) Dose reduction factor Fig. 2.
This data indicated that the maximum dose at the exhaust stack is about 3.28 mSv, which appears in the period from 1996-1997 (maximum reactor operation time for the recorded data), indicating that the dose is directly related to the reactor operation time.
With Yi-Actual data point, Yi*-Corresponding point on the fitted line/curve, n-nos. of data values.
Mubarik," Average Wind Data and Inversion Condition at Nilore for 1983-1985", MSSP-28/87, PINSTECH, Islamabad, 1987
The details of the measured data and dose estimations due to these releases have been presented and analyzed in section 4. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Distance (km) Dose reduction factor Fig. 2.
This data indicated that the maximum dose at the exhaust stack is about 3.28 mSv, which appears in the period from 1996-1997 (maximum reactor operation time for the recorded data), indicating that the dose is directly related to the reactor operation time.
With Yi-Actual data point, Yi*-Corresponding point on the fitted line/curve, n-nos. of data values.
Mubarik," Average Wind Data and Inversion Condition at Nilore for 1983-1985", MSSP-28/87, PINSTECH, Islamabad, 1987
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Meng Jie Wu, Qiang Qiang Liao, Yu Pei Shao, Guo Ding Zhou, Bo Sun, Yi Feng, Lei Jun Shao, Bang Ling Zhang
Fig.2 Residential hourly load factor in a quarter in a southern district
Shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, real-time electricity load curves of wind farms and power plants, (only to show more clearly, quarterly data were selected and shown while the annual electricity load curve data were input in the actual real-time calculations).
In figure 6 obvious reduction of CO2 emission can be found from both two modes.
The benefit of CO2 emission reduction shows in high wind level scenarios.
Obvious reduction of CO2 emission can be found from both two modes.
The benefit of CO2 emission reduction shows in high wind level scenarios.
In figure 6 obvious reduction of CO2 emission can be found from both two modes.
The benefit of CO2 emission reduction shows in high wind level scenarios.
Obvious reduction of CO2 emission can be found from both two modes.
The benefit of CO2 emission reduction shows in high wind level scenarios.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Paveena Chaovalitwongse, Pongpol Suttipongkaset
Data from customers’ chemicals consumption in 2012 is used to conduct the inventory order up to level (OUL) for planning chemicals delivery to customers.
Then, the research tests the delivery plan by using Monte Carlo simulation compared to the actual operation data from January to June 2013.
VMI system is a kind of inventory management system which utilizes data exchange between vendors and customers [1].
In the VMI system, vendors will be in charge of managing customers’ inventory by using demand and inventory level data from customers to plan the appropriate inventory for customers.
Therefore, if there is a delivery plan that can maximize delivery trucks usage by integrating five customers together, the company will benefit from the delivery-cost reduction.
Then, the research tests the delivery plan by using Monte Carlo simulation compared to the actual operation data from January to June 2013.
VMI system is a kind of inventory management system which utilizes data exchange between vendors and customers [1].
In the VMI system, vendors will be in charge of managing customers’ inventory by using demand and inventory level data from customers to plan the appropriate inventory for customers.
Therefore, if there is a delivery plan that can maximize delivery trucks usage by integrating five customers together, the company will benefit from the delivery-cost reduction.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Cheng Qiang Ren, Li Liu, Xu Wang, Lei Gao
Inorganic scale removing efficiency, paraffin removing rate and viscosity reduction ratio are used to determine the main agents respectively.
The viscosity reduction rate (q) is used to discuss the tested results as equation (3): (3) where, m0 and mt represent viscosity at the time of 0 and t.
Obviously, the viscosity reduction is very excellent because of the high value near 100%.
It is found the viscositybreak for guar gum crosslinking is very distinct, but the dissolutions of calcium carbonate and paraffin are affected reciprocally, which owes to reduction of the actual contact area.
Based on these data, with the highest inorganic scale removing efficiency, the formula of the scale remover is listed as the second experiment in Table 1.
The viscosity reduction rate (q) is used to discuss the tested results as equation (3): (3) where, m0 and mt represent viscosity at the time of 0 and t.
Obviously, the viscosity reduction is very excellent because of the high value near 100%.
It is found the viscositybreak for guar gum crosslinking is very distinct, but the dissolutions of calcium carbonate and paraffin are affected reciprocally, which owes to reduction of the actual contact area.
Based on these data, with the highest inorganic scale removing efficiency, the formula of the scale remover is listed as the second experiment in Table 1.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Miao Yong Zhu, Kun Liu, Liang Hua Feng
Comparing practical result with that calculated by mathematical model, it shows that modified model can simulate the heat transfer and solidification process, which can provide accurate end solidification spot and serve for soft reduction.
A right mathematical model of heat transfer on solidification can be used to calculate surface temperature and thickness of slab, as well as providing useful data for solidification-control and optimizing the secondary cooling technology.
In this paper, mathematical solidification model has been established based on a practical continuous caster, where heat transfer coefficient is modified by experimental shell thickness data.
This model can be used to calculate solidification end at different drawing speed, which can provide right position for soft reduction.
Conclusions 1.Solidify shell thickness tested by the method of nail-shooting can reflect the solidification of casting slab truly. 2.Nail-shooting method is an easy, reliable and very applicable method, the tested result is the most important reference for practical production and establishment of heat transfer mathematical model of casting slab. 3.Revised mathematical can simulated the phenomena of heat transfer and solidification, can be used to forecast the shell thickness and the end of solidification at different drawing speed, provide reliable base for optimizing secondary cooling water and controlling soft reduction position.
A right mathematical model of heat transfer on solidification can be used to calculate surface temperature and thickness of slab, as well as providing useful data for solidification-control and optimizing the secondary cooling technology.
In this paper, mathematical solidification model has been established based on a practical continuous caster, where heat transfer coefficient is modified by experimental shell thickness data.
This model can be used to calculate solidification end at different drawing speed, which can provide right position for soft reduction.
Conclusions 1.Solidify shell thickness tested by the method of nail-shooting can reflect the solidification of casting slab truly. 2.Nail-shooting method is an easy, reliable and very applicable method, the tested result is the most important reference for practical production and establishment of heat transfer mathematical model of casting slab. 3.Revised mathematical can simulated the phenomena of heat transfer and solidification, can be used to forecast the shell thickness and the end of solidification at different drawing speed, provide reliable base for optimizing secondary cooling water and controlling soft reduction position.
Online since: May 2021
Authors: Safrilah Safrilah, Sigit Wijayanto, Mirsa Diah Novianti, Jouvan Chandra Pratama Putra
Before entering the hidden layer, the input value is independently weighted, and all data processing is completed by the hidden layer; the result is an output that is supported in the total weighted amplitude, and the input layer is adjusted by the sigmoid transfer function [15]
In recognizing process, the set of measured data of indoor CO2 was classified into two groups namely training data and feature data.
Subsequently, the feature data was introduced to evaluate whether the trained of ANN model could identify the behavior of feature data.
There were total of 128 data sets for each scenario.
These data are divided into 95 data sets used for training set, used to develop neural network; 33 data sets used for verification, used to unbiased evaluation of the model suitable for training data set when adjusting the model.
These mean that, the model of ANN has succesfully identified the featured data of indoor CO2.
Subsequently, the feature data was introduced to evaluate whether the trained of ANN model could identify the behavior of feature data.
There were total of 128 data sets for each scenario.
These data are divided into 95 data sets used for training set, used to develop neural network; 33 data sets used for verification, used to unbiased evaluation of the model suitable for training data set when adjusting the model.
These mean that, the model of ANN has succesfully identified the featured data of indoor CO2.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Zuo Wei Huang, Yuan Jiang Huang
It developed an abundance modeling technique to describe the statistical distribution of the data.
With continuous spectrum and image-spectrum composition,multi-temporal high-dimensional spectral information offers more change information which is usually ignored in multispectral data.
The algorithm is shown as below: (1) input hyperspectral image data X ∈ Rl × n, L stand for spectral band number, n stand for image pixel number; Using endmember estimation algorithm estimates endmember number p; (2) preprocessing: using the dimension reduction methods such as MNF transform it reduces spectrum data dimension from l to p-1; (3) exhaustion search: for any monomer is composed by pixel spectral vector (number p) S(A1,A2,...
Change maps can be acquired using the algorithm above. 4 EXPERIMENT Experiments using the data from American West lafayette, indiana (West Lafayette) areas of hyperspectral remote sensing data, Available at http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~biehl/MultiSpec/).
[3] Penn B.S.Using Simulated Annealing to Obtain Optimal Linear Endmember Mixtures of Hyperspectral Data[J].Computers&Geosciences,2002,28(7):809 817
With continuous spectrum and image-spectrum composition,multi-temporal high-dimensional spectral information offers more change information which is usually ignored in multispectral data.
The algorithm is shown as below: (1) input hyperspectral image data X ∈ Rl × n, L stand for spectral band number, n stand for image pixel number; Using endmember estimation algorithm estimates endmember number p; (2) preprocessing: using the dimension reduction methods such as MNF transform it reduces spectrum data dimension from l to p-1; (3) exhaustion search: for any monomer is composed by pixel spectral vector (number p) S(A1,A2,...
Change maps can be acquired using the algorithm above. 4 EXPERIMENT Experiments using the data from American West lafayette, indiana (West Lafayette) areas of hyperspectral remote sensing data, Available at http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~biehl/MultiSpec/).
[3] Penn B.S.Using Simulated Annealing to Obtain Optimal Linear Endmember Mixtures of Hyperspectral Data[J].Computers&Geosciences,2002,28(7):809 817
Online since: June 2009
Authors: Taghi Tawakoli, Bahman Azarhoushang, Engelbert Westkämper
Tawakoli et al [7-10] demonstrated that in
ultrasonic assisted grinding and dressing, considerable reduction in grinding forces, surface
roughness, grinding wheel wear and dresser wear is achievable.
Reduction in the radial wear of the grinding wheel, the grinding forces and improvements of surface roughness due to superimposing of ultrasonic vibration in the grinding of 100Cr6 have been achieved.
In order to achieve reliable data each test was repeated 3 times.
In all figures, lines were formed by calculating the least-squares fit through the data points for a second-order polynomial equation.
• Comparative experiments demonstrated up to significant reduction in radial wear of the grinding wheel and grinding forces for the workpieces machined with superimposed ultrasonic vibration
Reduction in the radial wear of the grinding wheel, the grinding forces and improvements of surface roughness due to superimposing of ultrasonic vibration in the grinding of 100Cr6 have been achieved.
In order to achieve reliable data each test was repeated 3 times.
In all figures, lines were formed by calculating the least-squares fit through the data points for a second-order polynomial equation.
• Comparative experiments demonstrated up to significant reduction in radial wear of the grinding wheel and grinding forces for the workpieces machined with superimposed ultrasonic vibration
Online since: April 2018
Authors: Ming Yang, Jun Hu, Tetsuhide Shimizu
The system consists of a bottom die tool for specimens positioning and an upper die tool containing an ultrasonic sonotrode, a holder, and a load cell, in addition to other digital components such as an ultrasonic generator, a signal amplifier and a data recorder.
Fig. 3 showed the stress reduction percentage during ultrasonic-assisted compression tests with varying height.
Stress reduction percentage during ultrasonic-assisted compression tests.
Previous study about ultrasonic-assisted forming explained the expansion of interfaces by friction reduction [9], however, only friction reduction could not clarify the mechanism of local anti-barreling shapes in every specimen.
The critical condition for occurrence of ultrasonic dynamic impact effect is confirmed to be 2λE/H > σ0.2, and ultrasonic impact is more effective on specimens with smaller dimensional height for stress reduction, even an average stress reduction of 87% can be achieved with smallest height of 1mm, showing the promising prospect in micro forming. 2.
Fig. 3 showed the stress reduction percentage during ultrasonic-assisted compression tests with varying height.
Stress reduction percentage during ultrasonic-assisted compression tests.
Previous study about ultrasonic-assisted forming explained the expansion of interfaces by friction reduction [9], however, only friction reduction could not clarify the mechanism of local anti-barreling shapes in every specimen.
The critical condition for occurrence of ultrasonic dynamic impact effect is confirmed to be 2λE/H > σ0.2, and ultrasonic impact is more effective on specimens with smaller dimensional height for stress reduction, even an average stress reduction of 87% can be achieved with smallest height of 1mm, showing the promising prospect in micro forming. 2.