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The natural soils are more durable than almost all synthetic or artificial materials.
ET is based on the ability of soil layers to store the water, more than materials with low permeability in order to minimize the percolation.
Materials and Experimental Procedure.
Conclusions The design of final coating of an urban landfill requires knowledge about both the slope geometry and hydraulic properties of the materials used in its construction, considering vertical hydraulic conductivity of each layer, and transmissivity along the slope.
Cote, Treatment of stormwater runoff and landfill leachates using a surface flow constructed wetland, American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4 (2008) 164-172

Journal of environmental science and management, 2009, 10:1-5.
Environmental science, 2011, 01:784-794.
Beijing: China environmental science press, 2009.
Beijing: science press, 2012, 2.
Journal of Toxicology Letters, 2008, 180: S3

Shütze: Materials Science Forum Vol. 461-464 (2004), p. 401 [8] Z.
Gutierrez: Materials Science Forum Vol. 522-523 (2006), p. 205 [15] A.
Muelas: Materials Science Forum, Vol. 595-598 (2008) p. 251 [16] A.
Dybkov: Journal of Materials Science Vol. 16 (1981), p. 1748 [19] T.
Dybkov: Journal of Material Science Vol. 25 (1990), p. 3615 [23] A.

Functionally graded materials (FGM) have found wide applications in engineering.
In contrast with the traditional materials, FGM represent a class of composites with inhomogeneous distribution of different components in the material.
Lu, "Study on density function graded materials," I Mat Eng (7) (1995) 14-15 [3] Y.
F. subjected to uniform load" Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, ISSN 1009-309 [9] Shi, Y.
Ding, "The analytical solutions for orthotropic cantilever beams Subjected to surface forces," Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE, 6A (2):126-131

APT Investigation of Effect of Minor Zr on Precipitation Strength of Al-Sc Alloy Na Xue1, a, Hui Song2, b, Changbing Zhou1, c, Xiaojiao Wang1, d and Wenqing Liu1, e * 1Key Laboratory for Microstructure, Shanghai University, 200444, China 2College of Materials Science and Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing,400044,China a tzc_xuena@163.com, b songhui@cqu.edu.cn, c zhouchangbing@gmail.com, dkimmyxiaojiao.163.com, e wqliu@staff.shu.edu.cn Keywords: microhardness, atom probe tomography (APT), precipitation strengthening.
Experimental Experimental materials are as-cast Al–Sc and Al–Sc–Zr alloys, Table 1 lists the average mass and atomic percentage of the two alloys, determined by chemical mass emission analysis.
[4] Song Min, He Yuehui, Fang Shanfeng, Effects of Zr Content on the Yield Strength of an Al-Sc Alloy, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance .20(2011)377-381
[5] Lohar A K, Mondal B, Rafaja D, Microstructural investigations on as-cast and annealed Al–Sc and Al–Sc–Zr alloys, Materials characterization. 60(2009)1387-1394
P. zone in micro-alloyed steel, Journal of Jiangsu University:Natural Science Edition. 29( 2008)131-133

Microstructure Analysis of Surface Film on 8407 Die Steel Obtained by Aluminization and Oxidation SUN Jian1,a, WANG Xiao-ming2,b and ZOU Zong-shu3,c 1School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China 2School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China 3School of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China aemail: sun7210442@yahoo.com.cn, bemail: wangxm@smm.neu.edu.cn, cemail: zouzs@mail.neu.edu.cn Keywords: room-temperature hard anodization; microstructure; oxidation condition; thickness and hardness; surface treatment of die steel Abstract.
Zou: Journal of Materials and Metallurgy Vol. 8 (2009), p. 64-68
Zou: Journal of Materials and Metallurgy Vol. 8 (2009), p. 145-150

Stress Test of CFRP Confined Concrete Short Column under Axial Load based on Cement-based Piezoelectric Sensor Ying Zhang1,a, Ya-ping Peng1,b* and Shi-feng Huang2,c 1 School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China akhdl.zy@163.com, b*pengyp517@126.com, cmse_huangsf@ujn.edu.cn Corresponding author: Ya-ping Peng.
Material characteristic.
Wen: Journal of Masonry International Vol. 35 (2002), p. 14-19 [3] Y.
Ma: Journal Wuhan University of Technology Vol. 32 (2010), p. 24-28 [5] D.
Song: Smart materials and structures Vol. 20 (2011), p. 1-9 [7] T.

Then the author suggests the following main measures to improve the durability of RC structure: (i) By the proportion of materials and preparation, the appropriate water cement ratio and curing conditions could be pay important attention so that RC members have a better Dref.
Srivdya, Corrosion initiation time for reinforced concrete members along Indian coast: Effects of temperature and relative humidity - A probabilistic approach, Construction & Building Materials, 15(2008) 539-533
Al-Negheimish, Coupled effect of ambient high relative humidity and varying temperature marine environment on corrosion of reinforced concrete, Construction & Building Materials, 28(2012) 670-679
Molloy, Prediction of long term chloride concentration in concrete, Materials & Structures, 27(1994) 338-346
Bentz, Probabilistic modeling of service life for structures subjected to chlorides, ACI Materials Journal, 100(2003) 391-397.

With the continuous development of science and technology, new technologies, new processes, new materials are emerging, accelerating the production of new types of components.
But at the same time, customer needs are constantly changing, more and more individuality, reflecting variations in product features, product shape, color and materials etc which requires companies to continuously introduce new products to meet customer needs.
In the evolution process of PFA, the continuous generated new components pushing the PFA evolution, due to the changes of individual needs, and the development of new processes, new materials and new technology.
Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University.
Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science).

Materials and Methods Materials and Equipment.
Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials.
Izabella: New bioactive textile dressing materials from dibutyrylchitin.
International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology.
Journal of Proteome Research.