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Many computer simulations were used for analyzing the thermodynamic and optical performance of BIPV by utilizing various computer programs (such ESP-r, EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, and many others), often along with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) packages.
Investigation of 13 simulation tools for solar photovoltaic modules is in [16].
Not in all cases the simulation results were validated by detailed experiments.
The simulation and experimental results are relevant to Izmir, Turkey.
Hochenauer, Analysis of ventilation effects and the thermal behaviour ofmultifunctional fac¸ ade elements with 3D CFD models, Energy and Buildings, 85 (2014) 305–320

The model of cothSTHX has 34  tubes and 3 rods with tube layout of equilateral triangle and a baffle inclined angle of 20°, and the numerical simulation of flow and thermal performances was conducted using the commercial CFD software FLUENT.
Because numerical simulation study has become an effective tool in understanding the enhancement mechanism of heat transfer performance of heat exchangers.
Mathematical Model and Numerical Simulation of cothSTHX The 3D physical model of the cothSTHX was established using the pre-processing software Gambit.
The numerical simulation of heat transfer and pressure drop performance was conducted simultaneously for both the shell side and the tube side.
Numerical Simulation Results The simulated conditions of both sides with velocity and temperature were set to model in accordance of the actual water-to-water test conditions [12].

COMPARISON ON PERFORMANCE CFD Model and Numerical Approach In this paper, the aerodynamic performance is numerically investigated for the different types of twisted blades.
All the simulations are implemented by commercially available CFD software Numeca.
In order to improve the simulation precision, the grids are densified with the dimensionless y+ to 2 near the walls and in some domains with complex flow structure.

On the basis of different FEM and CFD calculations regarding temperature field analysis, strength prognosis and fatigue strength an assessment and an evaluation of the achievable performance potential is given.
To realize an economical viable production of all derived variants, firstly, the necessary core and mold geometries were designed, optimized by simulation and finally produced.
Figure 7: Generated hybrid demonstrators in the different material combinations [3] Benefits and achievable potentials Based on the knowledge gained from the material-technical preliminary inquiries of the connection behaviour of the considered material combinations in close co-operation with the partner in research, IAV GmbH Chemnitz, both FEM and CFD-based calculations were carried out to estimate and to evaluate the performance potential of the derived cylinder head variants following the MULAY-Head Concept.

This paper reports the simulation and experimental results of a type of widely used load control valve.
The simulation results and the experiment data agree well and both results show a good performance of the valve.
According to the governing Eq. 1 ~ Eq. 9, the simulation model of the load control valve is developed in the modeling environment software package AMESim® (Advanced Modeling Environment for performing Simulations of engineering systems).
The simulation results of the displacement of the pilot spool and main spool are illustrated in Fig. 8.
The simulation results and experiment data agree well which allows further study on the valve by simulation.

For simulation the problem, a VOF method used and for verifying the accuracy of the simulation the results compared with two analytical researches and a good agreement was found.
The fluids considered in the simulations are water with viscosity and density and oil with viscosity and density.
Tan, "Theory and numerical simulation of droplet dynamics in complex flows-a review," Lab Chip, 4:25, 2004
Urbant, "Numerical simulations of drops in microchannels," M.Sc. thesis, Technion, 2006
Haynes, "On the CFD modeling of Taylor flow in microchannels," Chemical Engineering Science, 64, 2941-2950, 2009

Wu)* Keywords: Oscillatory Flow Reactor, Conic Ring Baffles, Temperature Field, 3-Dimensional Simulation.
The temperature field of conic baffled OFR was obtained by using the commercial CFD package CFX11.0.
Results and discussion Two groups of oscillatory Reynolds numbers are selected among a large number of simulation results which cover a range of Reo from 400 to 7000 with Reo=0 to illustrate the heat transfer mechanism in OFR.

This article investigates the effect of piston motion on combustion of four-stroke CNG FPE using a multidimensional simulation model.
A detailed expansion process model of free piston engine is derived and extensive simulation results were presented.
The simulations were performed with varied piston motion in the expansion process.
Fig.2 shows the computational mesh used in the simulations.
Simulation cases were setup for comparison the free piston motion velocity.

The different simulation models are established to calculate the performances of the MTUR.
During first simulation, the translating speed of the ribbon was 27 m/s, and the MTUR rotating velocity was 1475 rpm.
The air pressure force Fp is calculated by CFD (computer fluid dynamic) method with the ribbon length is 690 mm and air gap is 1mm, as shown in Fig. 5.
Magnetic flux density of the second take up step Simulation of the Second Take-up Step.
The second take-up simulation is to analyze the MAF whether enough to overcome the centrifugal force Fc.

Numerical Study on Internal Nozzle Flow Characteristic of Injector under Hot Fuel Conditions Yang Xie a, Cangsu Xu b Institute of Power-driven Machinery and Vehicle Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China axieyang_auto@163.com, bxcs0929@163.com(corresponding author) Keywords: Temperature; Cavitation; Internal nozzle flow; Numerical simulation; Diesel Abstract.
The current paper presents simulation of internal nozzle flow characteristic under the condition of different temperatures and pressures on the basis of a two-dimensional model with the help of CFD method.
Numerical simulation Fuel.
Simulations were set at atmospheric pressure (nominally 0.1MPa).