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Online since: January 2015
Authors: Shi Yong Luo, Wen Cai Xu, Wen Yu Zhang, Xin Lin Zhang
Current Situation and Reflection on Metal Packaging Waste Recycling
ZHANG Wenyu a, XU Wencai b, LUO Shiyong c and ZHANG Xinlin d
Institute of Anti-counterfeiting Materials and Technology, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
azhangwenyubigc@163.com, bxuwencai@bigc.edu.cn,
cluoshiyong@bigc.edu.cn (Corresponding author), dzhangxinlin29@163.com
Key words: Metal packaging; Recycling demonstration; Reduction; Thin wall
Abstract.
The data above shows that the development rate of metal packaging in China is much faster than other industries.
But the profit level, the data is very unsatisfactory.
In order to reduce the impact of packaging on the ecological environment and a more efficient use of natural resources around the development of new packaging materials and manufacturing processes of the “reduction”, “thin wall” multi-angle, multi-disciplinary research, combined with the structural design , strive for breakthroughs in these areas.
But a domestic company has successfully developed thin-walled three-piece cans, the thickness of the product compared with the previous reduction 0.03~0.05mm, for our metal packaging industry to achieve sustainable development, "the road of independent research and development, has played an exemplary role [9].
The data above shows that the development rate of metal packaging in China is much faster than other industries.
But the profit level, the data is very unsatisfactory.
In order to reduce the impact of packaging on the ecological environment and a more efficient use of natural resources around the development of new packaging materials and manufacturing processes of the “reduction”, “thin wall” multi-angle, multi-disciplinary research, combined with the structural design , strive for breakthroughs in these areas.
But a domestic company has successfully developed thin-walled three-piece cans, the thickness of the product compared with the previous reduction 0.03~0.05mm, for our metal packaging industry to achieve sustainable development, "the road of independent research and development, has played an exemplary role [9].
Online since: February 2019
Authors: A.V. Khandoshka, V.I. Matyukhin, S.Ya. Zhuravlev
When studying, particular combustion features of coal coke in conditions close to shaft cupola unit operation data of the total differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve were used.
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis When studying the carbon oxidation process features of coal coke in conditions close to cupola type shaft unit operation data of total differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of selected coke types at heating rates of 5 °С/min in air oxidizing atmosphere was used.
Fig. 2 shows experimental data on specific oxidation heat variation in exothermal coke period versus strength features of the used coke.
Change of coke strength after reaction CSR from 28 to 52.5% is accompanied by initial oxidation temperature level reduction from 540 to 525°С.
Komar Kawatra, Direct iron smelting reduction processes, Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy review.
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis When studying the carbon oxidation process features of coal coke in conditions close to cupola type shaft unit operation data of total differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of selected coke types at heating rates of 5 °С/min in air oxidizing atmosphere was used.
Fig. 2 shows experimental data on specific oxidation heat variation in exothermal coke period versus strength features of the used coke.
Change of coke strength after reaction CSR from 28 to 52.5% is accompanied by initial oxidation temperature level reduction from 540 to 525°С.
Komar Kawatra, Direct iron smelting reduction processes, Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy review.
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Jing Zhang, Hong Xia Guo
This passage first reduces the dimension of expenditure index data using principal component analysis.
The establishment of the model Data sources and analysis.
After 2011 China Statistical Yearbook did not release on expenditure on army data.
Because of the limited data, we chose the data from 1997 to 2010 to analysis and data of 2011 to predict and compare.
It is a new attempt to analysis complex high dimensional data using method combined with the principal component and semi parameter model, which can be used as the preferred method to analysis many complex data.
The establishment of the model Data sources and analysis.
After 2011 China Statistical Yearbook did not release on expenditure on army data.
Because of the limited data, we chose the data from 1997 to 2010 to analysis and data of 2011 to predict and compare.
It is a new attempt to analysis complex high dimensional data using method combined with the principal component and semi parameter model, which can be used as the preferred method to analysis many complex data.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Hong Wu Zhang, Lin Yun Shi, Zi Rui Lan, Jia Hui Yin
Energy consumption data comes from each edition of "China Energy Statistical Yearbook" [2] and the emission coefficient is derived from the research results of done by Science and Technology Policy Institute Science and Technology Agency in Japan [3].
Fig.1 CO2 emission Changes of Chinese provinces Source: due to calculated data by the author The characteristics of the changes of the total CO2 emission in provinces It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the total CO2 emission of each Chinese province from 1995 to 2009 is incremental.
CO2 emission data used in the calculation comes from the calculated data.
The energy consumption data, GDP and population data all come from the China Statistical Yearbook "(Annual Version) [5].
Conclusions Through the use of Chinese data of energy consumption, CO2 emission of each province is calculated.
Fig.1 CO2 emission Changes of Chinese provinces Source: due to calculated data by the author The characteristics of the changes of the total CO2 emission in provinces It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the total CO2 emission of each Chinese province from 1995 to 2009 is incremental.
CO2 emission data used in the calculation comes from the calculated data.
The energy consumption data, GDP and population data all come from the China Statistical Yearbook "(Annual Version) [5].
Conclusions Through the use of Chinese data of energy consumption, CO2 emission of each province is calculated.
Online since: January 2005
Authors: Eun-Jung Song, Miok Joh, Gwang Rae Cho
In addition, a coordinate transformation is introduced to simplify the
three-dimensional guidance law and reduce training data for the neural network.
The optimal trajectories obtained for various terminal flight-path angles are no longer needed for the training data when the difference between the OC and the TC is small.
The vertical flight-path angle of the velocity in the TC is ref fγ , those of optimal trajectories for training data.
The neural-network guidance law and the got estimator are designed using missile data [4].
Both the neural networks for guidance and the got estimator are trained using these data.
The optimal trajectories obtained for various terminal flight-path angles are no longer needed for the training data when the difference between the OC and the TC is small.
The vertical flight-path angle of the velocity in the TC is ref fγ , those of optimal trajectories for training data.
The neural-network guidance law and the got estimator are designed using missile data [4].
Both the neural networks for guidance and the got estimator are trained using these data.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Ilaria Falcone, Michele Grimaldi
The intention is to demonstrate that using a data-set easy to be found, it is possible to obtain interesting results in terms of reduction of energy consumption, making retrofitting on ordinary buildings not only viable but desirable at a urban scale.
All data are normalized using the z-score function, and combined by means of an overlay in a GIS environment.
It appears clearly that the effect is the reduction of energy consumption of an extra 9%.
Comparing the energy used for cooling in the initial situation with that used in an upgraded hypothesis it’s possible to get an extra reduction in energy consumption up to 5%.
Jenks, The Data Model Concept in Statistical Mapping, International Yearbook Cartography. 7 (1967) 186-190.
All data are normalized using the z-score function, and combined by means of an overlay in a GIS environment.
It appears clearly that the effect is the reduction of energy consumption of an extra 9%.
Comparing the energy used for cooling in the initial situation with that used in an upgraded hypothesis it’s possible to get an extra reduction in energy consumption up to 5%.
Jenks, The Data Model Concept in Statistical Mapping, International Yearbook Cartography. 7 (1967) 186-190.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Dong Ma, Lin Zhao, Chao Ma, Jun Cheng Hu, Ming Zeng
The scheme proposed by using the new calculation method is evaluated by using data from block SH2 in the HeNan oilfield.
It can be seen that: J is determined by the requirements of desired effects, Frr is obtained by the core displacement experiments and other related parameters are given by well logging data and field document.
From the well logging data, it can be known that: layer-1 is with high permeability which accounts for 60 percent water absorption of the block.
The basic block parameters are also from the data of HeNan oilfield listed in Table-1.
[2] Mennella A,Chiappa L,Bryant S L: Pore scale mechanism for selective permeability reduction by polymer injection, SPE 39634(1998)
It can be seen that: J is determined by the requirements of desired effects, Frr is obtained by the core displacement experiments and other related parameters are given by well logging data and field document.
From the well logging data, it can be known that: layer-1 is with high permeability which accounts for 60 percent water absorption of the block.
The basic block parameters are also from the data of HeNan oilfield listed in Table-1.
[2] Mennella A,Chiappa L,Bryant S L: Pore scale mechanism for selective permeability reduction by polymer injection, SPE 39634(1998)
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Xian Hui Rong, Xu Liang Lv, Wei Dong Xu, Jiang Hua Hu, Qi Jia
Introduction
With the rapid development of high-tech electronics industry, digital camera is widely used in the data collection of background and objective, especially in the field of pattern design and supervisory controlling, which can be served as the background color characteristic and objectives effect evaluation.
(a) Before reduction (b) After reduction Figure 1.
Reduction percentage of color difference Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Max.
Because the background investigation to the earth need collect a lot of data, which need a lot of financial and human resources, as well as other limiting conditions, the qualified color checker color card is not produced here.
Therefore, the color reduction of digital cameras capture image is necessary.
(a) Before reduction (b) After reduction Figure 1.
Reduction percentage of color difference Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Max.
Because the background investigation to the earth need collect a lot of data, which need a lot of financial and human resources, as well as other limiting conditions, the qualified color checker color card is not produced here.
Therefore, the color reduction of digital cameras capture image is necessary.
Online since: September 2016
Authors: Tullio Monetta, Ciro Bitondo, Antonio Bossio, Francesco Bellucci, Ciro Sinagra, Donald Bryce Mitton, Francesco Bravaccino
Data have been presented in diagrams showing the current trend as a function of the exposure time.
3.
Furthermore, no additional major decreases were observed, as the data at 7 days suggest.
Fig. 2 – EIS data for a thermal degreased laminate in NaCl 3.5% solution Fig. 3 – EIS data for a laminate with zirconium treatment in NaCl 3.5% solution The EIS data for a thermally degreased material, with the thermoplastic heat-sealing lacquer PVC free, in a NaCl 3.5%w solution with the addition of lactic acid to achieve a pH of 4, is presented in Fig. 4a.
In addition, by comparing data in Fig. 3 and 4b, it appears that the Zr treatment substantially improves the low frequency data more than in the non-acidified environment.
The EIS data appear to suggest that the Zr treatment is even more beneficial in an acidified environment.
Furthermore, no additional major decreases were observed, as the data at 7 days suggest.
Fig. 2 – EIS data for a thermal degreased laminate in NaCl 3.5% solution Fig. 3 – EIS data for a laminate with zirconium treatment in NaCl 3.5% solution The EIS data for a thermally degreased material, with the thermoplastic heat-sealing lacquer PVC free, in a NaCl 3.5%w solution with the addition of lactic acid to achieve a pH of 4, is presented in Fig. 4a.
In addition, by comparing data in Fig. 3 and 4b, it appears that the Zr treatment substantially improves the low frequency data more than in the non-acidified environment.
The EIS data appear to suggest that the Zr treatment is even more beneficial in an acidified environment.
Online since: April 2024
Authors: Lamis R. Banyissa, Ihssan S. Masad, Ali Mohammad Alqudah
Dataset
MR images used in this study have been collected from The Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) database [40].
All selected MRI data were acquired using 3-Tesla scanners with T1-weighted scans (1-mm isotropic resolution).
FSL is a software package, developed by members of the Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (Oxford University), composed of image analysis and statistical tools for neuroimage data study [41].
Wager, “Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data,” Nat.
“The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism,” Mol Psychiatry, 2014, 19 (6), 659–667
All selected MRI data were acquired using 3-Tesla scanners with T1-weighted scans (1-mm isotropic resolution).
FSL is a software package, developed by members of the Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (Oxford University), composed of image analysis and statistical tools for neuroimage data study [41].
Wager, “Large-scale automated synthesis of human functional neuroimaging data,” Nat.
“The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism,” Mol Psychiatry, 2014, 19 (6), 659–667