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Design Process of Low Cost Uncemented Femoral Stem 316L Stainless Steel Using Investment Casting Technique MOHD YUSOF Baharuddin1, a *, SH-HUSSAIN Salleh2, b, ALIAS Mohd Noor2,c, MUHAMMAD HISYAM Lee3, d, AHMAD HAFIZ Zulkifly4, e, and MOHD AFIAN Omar 5, f 1Biomedical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, 63000 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Center for Biomedical Engineering Transportation Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 3Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. 4Department of Orthopaedic, Traumatology & Rehabilitation, Kuliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia. 5Advanced Materials Research Center, SIRIM Berhad, 09000 Kulim, Malaysia.
The material properties of the cementless femoral stem were described as 316L stainless steel with Young’s Modulus of 200 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 [12].
Freeman: Pre-clinical testing of hip prosthesis designs: a comparison of finite element calculations and laboratory tests,Part H: Journal of Engineering in MedicineVol. 207 (1993), p. 149-154
Browne: Probabilistic finite element analysis of the uncemented hip replacement - effect of femur characteristics and implant design geometry,Journal of BiomechanicsVol. 43 (2010), p. 512-520
Aziz:Three dimensional morphometry of proximal femoral medullary canal in Malays, Advanced Science Letters Vol. 19 (2013), p. 3582-3587

Improving flow properties of rapeseed-based biodiesel at low temperatures Xiu Chen1,a, Cuiying Lu1, Yongbin Lai2, Wujie Ge1, Surong Li1 and Jun Tao1 1School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, Anhui, 232001, China achenxiuhn@163.com Keywords: Biodiesel, cold flow properties, rapeseed.
Materials and Methods Materials.
Acknowledgments This research was sponsored by Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant NO: 51076069), the Doctorial Foundation of Anhui University of Science & Technology, China (Grant NO: 2010yb010, 2009yb20).
Lai: Journal of Jiangsu University (Natural Science Edition) 31(2010), P. 31 (In Chinese) [7] M.
Qin: Journal of Combustion Science and Technology 72 (2001), P. 7(In Chinese)

For materials with different failure strengths under tensile and compressive stress state, such as concretes, rocks, etc., it is well known that the hydrostatic stress has a strong effect on the failure strength.
However, for the materials with different yield strengths under tensile and compressive stress state, such as concretes, rocks, etc., the hydrostatic stress has a strong effect on the yield strength [1].
The widely used Von-Mises' criterion for homogeneous materials can be deduced directly by considering that the failure occurs when the octahedral shear stress reaches a critical value.
It is easy to find that the criterion shown in Eqs.(3) and (4) continues with the Von-Mises' criterion for isotropic homogeneous materials, just by setting ,Ct dσ σ σ= → ∞ .
Newman, ACI Journal, 74(1977), pp.443-446 [5] M.H.Yu, L.N.He,C.Y.Liu, Chinese Science Bulletin, 37(1992),pp.2085-2089.

Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 13(2006), P. 213 [5] Haishen Xie, Fumin Li, Mingxin Ma, Qing Lü.
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals Vol.18(2008), P. 934(In Chinese)
Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B Vol. 25B(1994), P. 893 [12] E.
Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol.12(2005), P. 213 [19] Jian Zhang.
Beijing: Science Press, 2006(In Chinese).

Introduction The floating zone method is widely used in the preparation of crystalline material, which avoids contamination of the crucible wall to materials and greatly enhances the purity of the material products.
Acknowledgements The present work is supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the grants of 11072057, 51376040, and 51304038.
[2] S.Nakamura, T.Hibiya, K.Kakimoto, N.Imaishi, S.Nishizawa, A.Hirata, K.Mukai, S.Yoda and T.S.Morita: Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.186(1998), p. 85-94
Benz: Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.183(1998), p.545-553
[5] M.Prange, M.Wanschura, H.C.Kuhlmann, H.J.Rath: Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol.394(1999), p. 281–302

It has been employed extensively in the aviation and military industries, in which materials are frequently subjected to elevated temperatures[1].
Materials characterization, Vol. 59 (2008 ), p.965
Journal of alloy and compounds, Vol. 343 (2002), p. 77
Journal of alloy and compounds, Vol. 352 (2003), p.84
Journal of materials science and technology.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 490.1 (2010): 170-179
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 485.1 (2009): 577-582
Journal of electronic materials 40.7 (2011): 1533-1541
"Thermo-Calc & DICTRA, computational tools for materials science." 
Materials 2011, 4: 1287-1308.

Lin: Corrosion Science and Protection, Vol.28 (2007) No.5, pp.242-245 (in Chinese) [2] Z.L.
Chen: Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.47 (2011) No.11, pp.100-116 (in Chinese) [4] D.H.
Liu: Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol.49 (2013) No.15, pp.96-104 (in Chinese) [6] C.Y.
Liu: Corrosion Science and Protection Technology, Vol.19 (2007) No.2, pp.103-105 (in Chinese) [9] Y.Q.
Li: Corrosion Science and Protection Technology, Vol.21 (2009) No.3, pp.257-259 (in Chinese) [10] X.H.

Introduction Magnesium and magnesium alloy, which owned the lowest density in all the structural materials and some excellent and reliable properties.
Test materials AZ91D were provided by Hebi Grand Magnesium CO., LTD, which were mm30060×φ cylindrical specimens.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau for the support of this research.
References [1] Minoru Arai, Sunao Sato, Makoto Ogawa and Hiroshi Shikata: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 62 (1996), p. 341-344 [2] F.Z.
Liu: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, p. 119-123 [3] H.K.

Materials and Methods 6082-T6 sheets with 2 mm in thickness were chosen for the present study.
Materials& design  ,2014,54(4): 766-778
Materials and Design, 2013, 44: 476−486
The influence of refill FSSW parameters on the microstructure and shear strength of 5042 aluminium welds[J] [J .Journal of materials processing technology[J],2013, 213(6): 997-1005
Welding Journal,2011,32(2):109-112.