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Introduction Subsurface cracks are generated in structural materials because of the growth of initial defects produced at the manufacturing process of the materials.
During the use of the materials, the materials are subjected to a cyclic loading, and as the consequence, fatigue crack growth of the subsurface cracks could occur.
The fatigue crack growth of subsurface crack is an important issue in ensuring the reliability and safety of the structures, and therefore, the fatigue crack growth behavior and the lifetime of the materials must be accurately evaluated.
The material is A533B steel, and the constants in the Paris law are taken from the literature (, n = 3.23) [6].
Erdogan, A critical analysis of crack propagation laws, Journal of Basic Engineering, 85 (1963), pp. 528-533.

We designed High-Q micro-ring resonators based on SOI material.
However, traditional resonators based on SOI material have problems like high transmission loss, lattice mismatch and low light limitation because of their asymmetry of light traveling in waveguide.
Light is basically confined in the waveguide and the transmission efficiency is decided by the refractive index of two materials and the absorption of the outer layers.[6] Micro-ring resonator based on SOI material uses SiO2 as the bottom layer material.
Fabrication Our micro-ring resonator and straight waveguide were fabricated on SOI material using electron beam lithography and ICP (Inductive Coupled Plasma).
Gardes, Silicon Photonics-PhD course prepared within FP7-224312 Helios project, ch. 2. (2004) [7] WEI wensheng, ZHANG Chunxi, ZHOU Kezu, WANG Tianmin, “Progress in Research on Silicon—based Materials of optic Electronics Integrated Circuit and Its Devices,” Material Review, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 31-35. (2003) [8] Hohenau A, Ditlbacher H, Lamprecht B, et al.

Preparation of La1-xCexNiO3 (x= 0 ~ 0.4) Perovskite-Type Oxide by Sol-Gel Using Polyvinyl Alcohol Kanit Soongprasit1,2, Duangdao Aht-Ong1,2, Viboon Sricharoenchaikul3, and Duangduen Atong4,a 1 Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2 Research Unit of Advanced Ceramic and Polymeric Materials, National Center of Excellence for Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 3 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand Science Park, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand a duangdua@mtec.or.th Keywords: catalyst, perovskite, sol-gel, PVA Abstract.
Phase of synthesized materials were characterized with X-ray diffraction.
The foam-like materials were form and were subsequently calcined at 800 ºC for 5 h in air.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Metal and Materials Technology Center (Project No.
Zhou, et al.: Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

Research on Improving Durability of the Motorcycle Brake Drum Qi Huang 1,a, Li Xiang 2,b, Zelong He 1,a 1 College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China. 2Technique Center of Jialing Company, Chongqing 400032, China.
Causes analysis on the abnormal wear of aluminum wheel 1.1 Detection on material, metallographic and hardness of the failure brake drum Failure brake drums are detected on the material, metallographic and hardness.
Research and Discussion on the Mechanism of Brake Heat Fading Caused by Friction Materials[J].
Journal of materials. 2006(4):275-277.
Journal of Hubei University of Automotive Technology. 2013(4):28-32.

In the daily teaching, training, communicative competitions and life, collecting and processing the movement materials are the prerequisite and basis.
Each single movement and combinations and routines of different characters and schools are materials which are accumulated in a long period of time.
So a good habit of accumulating materials through practice is required.1.Master a great amount of single movements, typical combinations and Taiji softball routines as a basic material for innovation through teaching and learning. 2.
Refer to relevant materials, pictures and skill videos to create new movements and combinations and enrich materials for innovation. 4.
［J］•Journal of Bejing Dance Academy，1998，（2）：52-54 [3] Mei Hanchao.

Furthermore, the material properties of both the workpiece and the tool significantly affect the accuracy of the model [4].
In: Journal of Materials Processing Technology 99 (2000), 1-3, pp. 120–128
Haider: Getting started with data science: Making sense of data with analytics, IBM Press, 2015
In: Journal of Applied Science and Technology Trends 1 (2020), Nr. 2, pp. 140–147
In: Procedia Computer Science (2026).

Improving the mechanical performance of composite column is a difficult problem in engineering field for scholars in the case of certain materials.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model Material Parameters.
Journal of Constructionnal Steel Reseach.
Parameters determination of elasto-plastic damage cap model for concrete materials.
Journal of Vibration and Shock.Vol.31(2012).p.132-139(In Chinese)

The material of workpiece is 40Cr hardened and tempered steel.
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2003, 43(2):185-191
Machining Science and Technology, 2009, 13(3): 372-384
International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2006, 46(15):2086-2093
International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2009, 42(11-12):1175-1186

Macroscopic behavior of materials is a function of microscopic phenomena, e.g. dislocation interactions, grain interactions, and grain divisions.
Weiland: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science Vol. 36A (2005), p. 241-256
Radovitzky: International Journal of Plasticity Vol. 24 (2008), p. 2278-2297
Rice: Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids Vol. 20 (1972), p. 401-413
Wenk: Texture and Anisotropy - Preferred Orientations in Polycrystals and their Effect on Materials Properties.

Faculty of Materials and Energy , Guangdong University of Technoloty, Guangzhou 510006, China 3.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangdong University of petrochemicol, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China.
References [1] Jin Yuqi,Yan Jianhua,Chi Yong, et al: Chinese Journal of Enviromental Science, Vol. 23 (2002), p.107
[2] Li bing, Yan jianhua, shang na, et al: Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 26(1998), p.564
[3] Liao Hongqiang, Yao Qiang: Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 29 (2001), p. 140
[4] Jiang Shuqin, Jiao Weihong: Journal of engineering thermophysics, Vol. 19 (1998), p. 647