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The parallel algorithm implements the coarse-grained parallelism between computation nodes and fine-grained parallelism between cores within each node.
An accurate model can be obtained by increasing the number of finite element model parameters and improving the calculation precision.
It can reduce the number of model forward calculation [2].
It works well, accessing shared data costs you nothing, and it avoid the overhead of message passing and provides run-time scheduling, fine-grained operation mechanism and coarse-grained operation mechanism as well.
Table 1 shows main parameters of the model, where ipy and ipz represent the number of nodes in the finite element mesh in the Y and Z direction, npp is the maximum number of parameters used, ndd the maximum number of data used, nrc is the number of receiver sites, nfre is the number of frequency number.

Numbers of readings were taken on each sample to obtain reasonable statistics relation to their hardness values.
In this present study, we calculated size of α grain, parameter of non-uniaxiality of α grain, percentages of α grain, number of α grain per unit area etc manually in a metallurgical microscope (ZEISS, AXIO VERT 40 MAT) taking each individual alpha grain into account.
There was similarity in microstructure with respect to number of alpha grains per unit area, percentage of alpha phase, average size of alpha grains, and parameter of non-uniaxiality of alpha grain at the necked portions while being the part was air cooled or water quenched.
At the head portion, difference in microstructure have been observed with respect to number of alpha grains per unit area, parameter of non-uniaxiality of alpha grain while being the part was air cooled or water quenched.
At the necked portions of the specimen, the microstructures were almost similar while being water quenched or air cooled with respect to number of alpha grains per unit area, percentage of alpha phase, average size of alpha grains, parameter of non-uniaxiality of alpha grain and micro Vickers hardness value.

With heating-cooling times increase, the grain size and shape of the primary Si decrease.
The latent heat method of storage has attracted a large number of applications, as will be discussed in this review paper.
The grain size of α-Al phase increases and the number of the crystal α-Al grain decreases with the heating-cooling cycles increase.
In addition, the bigger grains lead to decrease of grain boundary area.
It could be conluded that the shape of primary and eutectic Si phases, the the grain size of α-Al phase increases and the number of the crystal α-Al grain decreases might lead to the latent heat of Al-Si alloy decrease.

Diamond grains in a segment play the role of cutting edge whereas the bond matrix plays the role of fixing diamond grains.
Assuming the size of the matrix sample to be 14mm × 2mm and the number of particles to be 5537, a DEM model was built and is shown in Fig.1.
Fig.4 The sample of a segment containing diamond grains DEM Model for Three-Point Bending Test.
It can be seen that crack extends along the diamond grains, indicating that the failure occurs when the bonding strength between the diamond grains and metal matrix particles is weaker than that among the metal matrix particles.
The bending strength in the simulated bending test was found to decrease with the numbers of porosity.

Among the main factors controlling such effect are the β grain size and its composition.
Thus grain size plays an important role in optimising the PiTTi effect.
It is worth noting that this theory ignores grain size effects.
The new alloy compositions are validated by comparing them with a number of commercial martensitic alloys.
Acknowledgements This research was carried out under the research framework (Project number: MC5.05206) of the Materials Innovation Institute (www.m2i.nl) in The Netherlands.

In addition, the equiaxial grains exist in the zirconia coating according to TEM, but the grain size is not uniform.
The reason is that part of agglomerated feeding powders have been crushed and transformed into a large number of small particles in the gas transportation process[8].
Furthermore, a small number of unmolten nanometer powders loose deposit in the coating.
The majority of the grain size is in the range of 50-120nm, with the good crystal grain and the clear crystal boundary.
B Equiaxed grain A Columnar grains Figure 5.

The lamellar g¢ phase in the cellular grains was radial, and perpendicular to the cellular grain boundary.
During the manufacturing process of single crystal blades, a number of processes can occur and result in plastic deformation in the material.
When heating time was about 16 h, the depth of CRX was about 35 mm, and the number of lamellar g¢ phases in the CRX increased and the lamellar g¢phases was almost perpendicular to the boundary of CRX.
It can be seen clearly that the CRX consisted of cellular grains, and the interface between different cellular grains was obvious.
The lamellar g¢ phases in the cellular grains were radial and perpendicular to the cellular grain boundary[21].

From the figure it can be seen that the platelets S phase coarsened notably in the grain and near the grain boundaries.
On the other hand, they also make the number of holes also increase gradually.
When tension at 200 °C, the number and size of the dimple and void increased with the increase of the test temperature (Figure 4 b5, c5).
According to the above results, when tension at a lower temperature (below 175 ˚C), the finer needle shaped precipitate were presents within the grain and the grain boundary.
The number of the crack initiation locations reduces, while the local deformation increases generally.

These mould properties depend upon different process parameters like percentage of clay and water, additives, grain fineness number and number of strokes made to prepare a mould.
It can be controlled by a number of parameters such as shape and size of sand grain, moisture and clay contents of the sand mould.
The silica sand grain’s shape is shown in Fig. 1.
AFS grain fineness number for the silica sand used for present work was found to be 55.
Permeability number: - Permeability number is calculated as the rate of flow of air passing through the standard rammed green sand specimen under standard pressure.

Compared to the grains with bigger size, the small ones have smaller bonding strength by the cured resin, it is easier for such grains to get apart from the bonding material.
As been discussed, only the grains with bigger size are embedded on the surface of grinding wheel, number of abrasive grains which are actively grind the work piece surface decreases, which leads to the load per grain increases and hence the average surface roughness gained becomes greater.
Three reasons for the decrement of MRR include the fracture of grains, load per grain decrease caused by the fracture and blunts of grains.
In the grinding operation, due to the released abrasives being flushed off the wheel, the number of active abrasive grains becomes smaller, or the concentration of abrasives on the wheel surface decreases, therefore, much less material is removed.
However, after that, because some grains get released, the grind/lap wheel becomes more as a lapping plate with smaller size grains free to rotate on its top, meanwhile, grains with bigger size are still embedded in the wheel.