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There are many instances where the use of weight saving composite materials for an entire structure is either; too complex, too expensive or unfeasible.
In these circumstances the use of a hybrid structure can incorporate the benefits of traditional construction materials, for example steel, coupled with the advantages of composite materials in weight critical areas.
Introduction There has been an increasing drive to reduce the weight of large ships constructed from metallic materials.
This has lead to the development of hybrid joints, or connections between metals and composite materials.
On Advanced Marine Materials: Technology & Applications, 9-10 October 2003, London, Uk

Tough Hydrogels Based on Macromicelles as Crosslinkers with pH and Ion Sensitive Properties Ruijia Yana, Yanzi Yanb, Jinghong Mac* and Jinghua Gongd State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China ajuliayannn@163.com, bjaniceyyz@163.com, c*mjh68@dhu.edu.cn, dGjh@dhu.edu.cn Keywords: hydrogels, micelles crosslinked, tough, pH-sensitivity, ion-sensitivity Abstract.
Experimental Section Materials.
Zhu, Fabrication of pH-sensitive graphene oxide–drug supramolecular hydrogels as controlled release systems, Journal of Materials Chemistry. 22(2012) 24856-24861
Zhang, Application of rod-shaped cellulose nanocrystals in polyacrylamide hydrogels, Journal of colloid and interface science. 353(2011) 116-123
Wang, A novel hydrogel with high mechanical strength: a macromolecular microsphere composite hydrogel, Advanced Materials. 19(2007) 1622-1626

Materials and Methods The magnesium-based materials used in this study are: 96 wt% Magnesium, 4 wt% Yttrium with an oxide layer (MgY_O); 96 wt% Magnesium, 4 wt% Yttrium with the oxide layer removed (MgY); 96 wt% Magnesium, 3 wt% Aluminum, 1 wt% Zinc with the oxide layer removed (AZ31); and 98 wt% commercially pure Magnesium control with oxide layer (Mg_O).
Future in vivo studies are necessary to assess magnesium-based materials for ureteral stent applications.
Liu, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 100A (2012) 477-485
Atrens, Advanced Engineering Materials 5 (2003) 837-858
Liu, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 99A (2011) 249-260.

Cold Regions Science and Technology. 60(2010) 51-56
Journal of Materials, 2014
Key Engineering Materials. 594(2014) 498-502
Monteiro, Concrete: microstructure, properties, and materials.
Materials and Design, 32(2011) 4839-4843

Study of Calcium Acrylate on Compressive Strength and Hydration Process of Cement Fulan Wang1,a, Qi Wang1,*, Peng Song1, Zhongxi Yang1, Lei Tian1 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan, 250022, China awangfulan0815@163.com, *Corresponding author: mse_wangq@ujn.edu.cn Keywords: Calcium acrylate; Additive; Modified cement; Compressive strength.
Materials and methods in mechanical approach Materials and mixtures Cement The ordinary Portland cement was employed in the experiment.
Acknowledgements This project was supported by Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation (ZR2010EM057) and Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J10LD06).
Journal of Chang'an University (National Science Edition) 30(1) (2010) p. 16.
Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society, 33(4) (2005) p. 476.

In this study we used the nematic liquid crystal 5CB, one of the typical small-molecule liquid crystal materials.
Method and material Theory model.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11002050 and 11372003), the Education Ministry Key Science and Technology Project of China (Grant No. 212106).
Chono, Fundamental study on new micro fluidic drive method based on liquid crystalline backflow, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 4 (2012),4825-4829 [3] X.
Liang, The influenced of carbon fiber orientation on the mechanical and tri-biological behavior of carbon fiber/LCP composites, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 102(2007), 187-194 [6] Y.

At the stage of design and public bidding, owners usually know more about their own building requirement, but less about the technique, credit and capacity, etc. of bidders like design unit, construction unit, and materials supplier, etc.; while the design unit, construction unit and materials supplier know clearly about their own situation, but less about owners’ building requirement and financing capacity, etc.
In implementation of contract, owners are at an inferior position of information relative to design unit, construction unit and materials supplier.
Acknowledgements The work is sponsored by Education Ministry Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Foundation (11YJA630126) and Education Department of Jiangsu Province Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation (2011SJB630028).
[3] Xianzheng Fei: Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electrical Engineering (Social Sciences Edition) Vol. 79 (2005) No.7, p. 451-454.
(In Chinese) [5] Lifei Wang: Modern Management Science, Vol. 32 (2008) No.12, p.95.

In their turn, materials of a statistical analysis for reliability parameters of closed drainage on irrigated systems testify that the further functioning of the latter’s without conducting adequate measures of technical operation causes sharp increase in failures connected with ageing of structural elements.
Materials and Methods Drainage on irrigated lands is the complex of hydraulic structures (pipes, canals, wells, pumping stations and others) with the help of which level decline and overflow of soil and ground water and their draining beyond the bounds of the irrigated area are provided.
Drainage silting with ground mineral particles is connected with the destruction of individual pipes, bad quality of pairing, poor isolation with filter materials, insufficient runoff drainage from collectors, maintenance of drainage mouth and with runoff silting through defective absorber of wells and mild slopes, as well.
A., Finite-element modeling of the stressed-deformed condition of the Tashlin duker on the Right-Yegorlik channel, Engineering journal of Don. 3(21) (2012) 18-23
S., The use of ionizing radiation for the tungsten preparation, Journal of Industrial Pollution Control. (2017) 1-12.

A First-principles study on electronic properties of Ce/N codoped anatase TiO2 Siyu Yanga, Lanfang Yao* band Hao Chengc College of science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China *Corresponding author: Assoc.
Among non-metal doped TiO2 materials, doping with nitrogen atom is considered to be one of the most effective methods and it has been studied thoroughly via both experimental and theoretical methods.
Fig. 1 Super cell models of Ce/N-co-doped TiO2 All of the calculations have been performed using Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) module in Materials Studio 6.0.The electronic exchange-correlation energy is treated within the framework of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE).
Tian, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 315 (2007) 382–388 [3] C.
X.Wang,Journal of Applied physics 110, 033519 (2011) [5] K.

The Ground Engineering Laboratory, State Grid Company, Shaanxi Power Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 71005,China. 2.
The Key Laboratory of Corrosion and Protection, Materials Science and Engineering College, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China 3.
But as buried underground permanently, these materials are inevitably corroded by soils, which may cause casualties [2].Hence, it is of significance to detect grounding grids corrosion and take actions correspondingly [3].
Journal of Chongqing University, 2008, 31(4):417-420
Journal of university of science and technology Beijing, 2009, 31(12):1569-1575.