Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Incorporating Solid Wastes as Coarse Lightweight Aggregate

Abstract:

Structural lightweight aggregate concrete offers several benefits as compared to the normal weight concrete. Most common methods of producing structural lightweight concrete is by using artificial lightweight aggregates. However, the cost of the production of artificial lightweight aggregates is high due to energy and raw materials consumption. The use of waste and by-product materials as lightweight aggregate in concrete can provide a better solution to reducing the negative impact of the concrete industry. This paper reports an investigation to produce structural lightweight aggregate concrete by utilizing the locally available solid waste materials, namely oil palm shell (OPS) and oil-palm-boiler clinkers (OPBC) as coarse lightweight aggregates. Two different mix proportions were studied. In the first concrete mix, just OPS was used as coarse aggregate. However, 40% of OPS (by volume) of the first mix was replaced with OPBC in the second mix. The test results showed that by replacing OPS with OPBC, it directly affects the characteristics of the lightweight concrete. The 28-days compressive strength of the blended coarse lightweight aggregate concrete was significantly increased compared to OPS concrete.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 749)
• Pages: 337-342
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.749.337
• Online since: April 2015
• Authors: Muhammad Aslam, Payam Shafigh, Mohd Zamin Jumaat*
• Keywords: Clinker, Compressive Strength, Efficiency Factor, Lightweight Aggregate, Lightweight Aggregate Concrete, Oil Palm Shell, Water Absorption

References

[1] P. Shafigh, M.Z. Jumaat, H. Mahmud, Mix design and mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete: a review. Int. J. Physical Sci. 5(2010) 2127-2134.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.055

[2] P. Shafigh, M.Z. Jumaat, H. Mahmud, U.J. Alengaram, Oil palm shell lightweight concrete containing high volume ground granulated blast furnace slag. ConsBuil Mat. 40(2013) 231-238.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.10.007

[3] N.M. Altwair and S. Kabir, Green concrete structures by replacing cement with pozzolanic materials to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for sustainable environment. In: ASCE, 6th international engineering and construction conference (IECC'6), Cairo, Egypt;, (2010).

[4] P. Shafigh, M.Z. Jumaat, H. Mahmud, N.A. A Hamid, Lightweight concrete made from crushed oil palm shell: tensile strength and effect of initial curing on compressive strength. ConsBuil Mat. 27(2012) 252-258.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.051

[5] Yasar, E. Atis, C.D. Kilic, Alaettin, High Strength Lightweight Concrete Made with Ternary Mixtures of Cement-Fly Ash-Silica Fume and Scoria as Aggregate. Turkish J. Eng. Env. Sci. 28(2004).

[6] Polat, R. Demirboga, R. Karakoc et al., The influence of lightweight aggregate on the physico-mechanical properties of concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 60(2010) 51-56.

DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.08.010

[7] A.M. Neville., J.J. Brooks, Concrete technology. Malaysia: Prentice Hall, (2008).

[8] Alengaram, U.J., B.A.A. Muhit, M.Z. Jumaat, Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete–a review. ConsBuil Mat. 38(2013) 161-172.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.08.026

[9] P. Shafigh, H. Mahmud, M.Z. Jumaat et al., Agricultural wastes as aggregate in concrete mixtures–A review. ConsBuil Mat. 53(2014) 110-117.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.074

[10] Z. Ahmad, A. Ibrahim, Drying shrinkage characteristics of concrete reinforced with oil palm trunk fiber. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Tech. 2(2010): pp.1441-1450.

[11] H.R. Sobuz, N.S. Hasan, N. Tammana et al., Structural Lightweight Concrete Production by Using Oil Palm Shell. Journal of Materials, (2014).

[12] M.A. Mannan, and K. Neglo, Mix design for oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBCC) concrete. J. Sciand Tech, (Ghana). 30(2010) 111-118.

DOI: 10.4314/just.v30i1.53944

[13] H. Mahmud, P. Shafigh, M.Z. Jumaat, Structural Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Containing High Volume Waste Materials. Key Engineering Materials. 594(2014) 498-502.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.498

[14] P. Shafigh, H. Mahmud, M.Z. Jumaat et al., Structural lightweight aggregate concrete using two types of waste from the palm oil industry as aggregate. Journal of Cleaner Production, 80(2014) 187-196.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.05.051

[15] P.K. Mehta, P.J. Monteiro, Concrete: microstructure, properties, and materials. Vol. 3. McGraw-Hill New York, (2006).

[16] P. Shafigh, M.Z. Jumaat, H.B. Mahmud et al., A new method of producing high strength oil palm shell lightweight concrete. Materials and Design, 32(2011) 4839-4843.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.06.015

[17] M.A. Mannan, A.J. Ganapathy, C. Teo, Quality improvement of oil palm shell (OPS) as coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete. Building and environment. 41(2006)1239-1242.

DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.05.018

[18] D.C. Okpala., Palm kernel shell as a lightweight aggregate in concrete. Building and environment. 25(1990) 291-296.

DOI: 10.1016/0360-1323(90)90002-9

[19] B.S. Mohammed, W.L. Foo, M. Abdullahi, Flexural strength of palm oil clinker concrete beams. Mat Des. 53(2014) 325-331.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.041

[20] P. Shafigh, H. Ghafari, H.B. Mahmud et al., A comparison study of the mechanical properties and drying shrinkage of oil palm shell and expanded clay lightweight aggregate concretes. Mat Des. 60(2014) 320-327.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.04.001