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In this study we report quantitative data on such effects for mono and multi-crystalline Si materials with different amounts of crystal defects in the wafer bulk and different levels of boron concentration, and we discuss PDG versus other sites of potentially competing mechanisms of metal gettering.
ICP-MS data do not provide direct information regarding the chemical state of metal impurities in the silicon.
However, less reduction of total Fe is detected for high concentration of boron in the CZ silicon.
Raising the temperature to 950 °C and higher probably leads to complete disappearance of interactive forces between Fe + and B , as we can conclude from our PDG data on heavily B doped silicon.
Shabani, Unpublished data

As noted by the authors, in thinner epilayers the substrate accounts for a very significant reduction in the carrier lifetime, even when the SRV=0, while for thicker epilayers the reduction in lifetime is not significant until the SRV becomes large.
The data were analyzed using an analytical approximation to the solution of Fig. 3.
Dotted lines are fits to the data assuming recombination at the surface and substrate interface for varying interface recombination velocities.
The dotted curves represent the total simulated surface recombination rate that best fits the data, resulting from carrier diffusion and from recombination at the surface and at the substrate interface.
The data fits well only for small values of the substrate interface recombination velocity, consistent with the low injection conditions and very long bulk lifetimes (>20msec).

(a)5% area reduction ; (b)50% area reduction.
While the billet rotates and moving along the major axis continuously ，reduction extent increases and plastic deformation in it accumulates and develops successively.
The distributions of the effective strain on the cross-section of the billet , in the 5% area reduction and 50% area reduction, are shown in Fig.5.
In this charm, the data of maximum effective strain is 0.795, but that in center zone is 0.765.
A wide range of rolling conditions were considered by varying the billet diameter, friction coefficient and the cross-sectional area reduction.

The mechanism of adsorption is clarified to be the oxidation of hydroxyl groups and reduction of trivalent gold ions to metallic gold on the adsorbent surface which were supported by FT-IR, XRF and SEM.
The results showed that the adsorption data fit well (R2 = 0.999) with Langmuir model, therefore the adsorption capacity in this study should be based on monolayer adsorption
Kinetic model as pseudo first-order equation (equation 5) and pseudo second order equation (equation 6) were determined using the adsorption data at various temperature as shown in Table 1.
The resulted data fitted well with pseudo second-order
The adsorption mechanism was elucidated to be the oxidation of hydroxyl group of tannin in RBP adsorbent and reduction of gold ion on the surface of RBP adsorbent simultaneously.

These improvements show substantial reduction of GHG in the manufacture of magnesium IPs and improvement in comparative GHG performance with other materials.
An IP is studied because of the high non-metal components and the opportunities for weight reduction through substitution of metal and non-metal structural components with magnesium.
This comparison is also extended to investigate two different routes for the production of magnesium: thermal reduction and electrolysis.
Most of the data for manufacturing magnesium, steel and plastics components of IP variants have been obtained from published data and SimaPro database [5].
The LCA study makes some simplifying assumptions in computing the emissions due to reasons of project time constraints, availability of data and the complexity.

The LabVIEW program controls data acquisition card, which realizes real-time data acquisition, display and storage etc.
Data Collection Card.
acquisition, data analysis, data calculation, and data storage etc.
The principle and program shown in Fig. 2 are used to test data.
With the solar cells output current reduction, the voltage difference decreases.

Reduction in micro porosity in cast part and also reduction in machining.
However, not much investigation has been carried out to study the effect of heat treatment using convection furnace on the properties of reinforced cast Al-Si alloys, with Mg and Cu as the other alloying elements. 2 Scope of the Work The Metal Casting Industry Technology Road Map [5] presented by Cast Metal Coalition in 2003 (Metal Casting Design Research Pathways-VISION 2020) had projected mechanical and physical property data and quantify the effects of microstructure on mechanical, machinability and wear, as some of the near term research needs under the areas like material property data and design process interrelationship.
The experimental results by some researchers reveal that squeezing of casts during solidification of molten metal in the mould significantly improve the microstructure, leading to grain refinement, suppression of dendrite and columnar growth and reduction in porosity.
Stirring or tapping of melt has also been experimented for obtaining microstructure which leads to enhanced properties in casting and also wear reduction in addition of nano particles to the casting.

A simple geometric method is employed under this condition. 2 Related Research 2.1 Point cloud data processing technology In reverse engineering, there will be inevitable errors existed in the point cloud data, and point cloud data processing is needed.
In [4], Fujimoto et al. improved a sequential data reduction method for computer integrated manufacturing.
In this condition, point cloud reduction is possible keeping the distance between input and output data within a given tolerance.
A new segmentation method for point cloud data.
Interference detection for direct tool path generation from measured data points.

In the present study determines the best pH range, to optimize the phenomenon of adsorption, and evaluates the reduction of hexavalent chromium and the removal of organic matter in synthetic samples, using a reactor with glass plate impregnated with TiO2 and making use of solar radiation.
With this energy absorption there is the polarization of TiO2 molecule, the positive side (also known as the valence band) form hydroxyl radicals (from hydroxyls that are adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalyst), which mineralize organic matter and the negative side (it called the conduction band) promotes the reduction of positive compounds such as Cr (VI) to Cr(III) [5,6].
In this paper, it was studied, the best pH range, for the adsorption phenomenon and it was evaluated the quantitative reduction of Cr (VI) and organic matter in aqueous solution by heterogeneous photocatalysis.
Results and discussion Group I results The figure 2 shows data from the experiments performed at acidic pH.
In figure 5 it observes the values of removing organic matter from the data of COD.

Step2: reduction of attributes According to the definition of reduction and core, we can calculate unresolved relations of different attributes and reduction and core in the decision table.
However, it’s difficult to get data and compare with other objects, therefore, we don’t choose any index to assess international competitiveness.
resources: website of WTO; US Fiber Organ2008; China statistical yearbook 2009àinternational data in 2009; annual report 2009 on fiber and global market research paper on textiles & nonwoven industry and WERNER international textiles authentic research center.
We can get 4 reductions. ，，，.
As these 4 reductions are the same in meaning, so we choose to establish a new decision table.