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Joining of aluminum alloys, stainless steels and composites with any other materials is required in many underwater welding applications.
Transient analysis of heat conduction in the plate has been calculated numerically including heat generation due to friction between the materials.
The welding of dissimilar materials such as steel to aluminum plate is achieved in the modified machine.
Angela Jennifa Sujana, Investigation on Joining of Aluminum and Mild Steel by Friction Stud Welding, Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 27 (2012) 1409-1413
Meby Selvaraj, Finite element based thermal modelling of friction welding of dissimilar materials, International Journal of Modern Physics. 22 (2013) 196–202

New types of Geo-Composite Materials for Anti-Filtration Systems Sergey M.
As the main elements, the presented geo-composite materials include various types of synthetic materials – bentonite mats and profiled geomembrane.
The European experience of using geosynthetic materials, including geocomposite materials (geomembranes, geotextiles, geogrids, bentonite mats, etc.), are analyzed in the work [9].
Dams from soil materials.
Geosynthetic materials for road construction.

Michel 5, 15100 Alessandria, Italy 2Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego St. 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland a zbigniev.brytan@polito.it Keywords: stainless steel, duplex materials, materials properties Abstract: The aim of the presented paper is to describe the sintered duplex stainless steels manufactured in sinter-hardening process and their structural and mechanical properties.
Pallavicini, Properties of vacuum sintered Duplex Stainless Steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 157-158 (2004) 312-316
Actis Grande, High density sintered stainless steels with improved properties, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 21/2 (2007) 97-102
Rosso, Sintered Duplex Stainless Steels Corrosion Properties, Materials Science Forum 534-536 (2007) 721-724
Molenda, Processing and properties of sinters prepared from 316L steel nanopowders, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 21/2 (2007) 73-76.

The gas sensing properties of the composite nanofibers to formaldehyde were measured before and after materials treated by oxygen plasma.
Results and Discussion Materials characterization.
The reason maybe as follows: Gas sensing properties could be improved by adjusting nanocrysllite size and the porosity of sensing materials [9].
Vaezi, Applied Surface Science Vol. 257 (2011), p.7988
Srivastava, Microelectronics Journal Vol. 29 (1998), p. 833

Schmuki, Hydroxyapatite growth on anodic TiO2 nanotubes, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Vol. 77A (2006) 534-541
Zhang, Surface characterization of titanium and adsorption of bovine serum albumin, Journal of Materials Characterization, Vol. 49 (2002) 129-137
Correia, Titanium scaffolds for osteointegration: mechanical, in vitro and corrosion behaviour, Journal of Material Science: Material Medical, Vol. 19 (2008) 451-457
Mabuchi, Processing and mechanical properties of autogenous titanium implants materials, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, Vol. 13 (2002) 397-401
Chou, A novel bioactive porous CaSiO3 scaffold for bone tissue engineering, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, Vol. 76A (2006) 196–205

Doped carbon materials have been recognized as a promising non-Pt cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
The cyclic voltammetry curves (CV) show that the composite can catalyze the ORR much more efficiently than either of the single materials containing only carbonized PANI or carbonized PB in alkaline media.
N-doped carbon materials are recognized as a potential non-Pt ORR electrocatalyst.
It's reported that the incorporation of N element into carbon materials can significantly enhance the number of active sites to improve ORR activity [1,2].
The pyrolysis of PANI, which is an aromatic polymer containing nitrogen in the backbone, is a simple way to prepare nitrogen doped carbon-based materials [3-5].

Due to such characteristics, they can be regarded as brittle materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 63, 1997, pp. 384-394 [10] Mathew M.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 172, 2006, pp. 163–168 [14] Mohamed R Abdullah, Wesley J Cantwell, “The high-velocity impact response of thermoplastic–matrix fiber–metal laminates”.
Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 7, 1990, pp. 202–215 [18] O’Bra´daigh, C.M. and Pipes, R.B (1991) “Issues in diaphragm forming of continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites”.
International Journal of Material Forming 2016, Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 35-47 [21] Shichen Liu, Lihui Lang, Ehsan Sherkatghanad1, Yao Wang, and Wencai Xu, “Investigation into the Fiber Orientation Effect on the Formability of GLARE Materials in the Stamp Forming Process”.

In recent years, with the wide application of functionally graded materials (FGMs), researchers have also turned their attention to the dynamic characteristics of the plate and shell of functionally graded materials.
Woo[13] studied the nonlinear free vibration behavior of plates made of functionally graded materials, discussed the effect of material properties, boundary conditions and thermal loading on the dynamic behavior of the plates.
The Voigt’s rule was used to estimate the effective material properties from the volume fractions and the properties of the constituent materials.
Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, 30(2006), p. 427
Composite Science Technology, 56(1996), p.1099

Experimental materials.
Absorbing materials were used by dry-mixed and wet-mixed 5h.
So comparing to bulk materials, the absorbing properties of porous materials were improved significantly.
Materials Science & Engineering 2013 (583): 11-19 [2] Degischer H P, Kristy B.
Journal of Suzhou Vocational University. 2012, 23 (1): 1-8 [8] Tagliavia G, Porfiri M, Gupta N.

Evans et al: Progress in Materials Science Vol. 46 (2001), p. 505
Wu et al: Journal of Materials Test Vol. 17 (2002) p. 3193
[23] N.I Timofeeva et al: Inorganic Materials Vol. 5 (1969), p. 1476
Levi: Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science Vol. 8 (2004), p. 77
Rozmysłowska: Advanced Materials Test Vol. 98-91 (2010), p. 739