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Natural fibre composite materials have been highlighted in recent years as they have the potential to mitigate the pollution and global warming.
Introduction Composite materials made with synthetic fibres enjoy over other materials for their excellent environmental properties.
The kenaf fibres embedded in the composite materials failed to restrain crack opening due to low strain values compared to fiberglass layer.
Shen, Moisture absorption and desorption of composite materials.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2007. 26(15): p. 1571-1585

Experiments Experimental Materials and Procedures.
The mechanical properties of the materials used in this investigation are displayed in Table 1.
Nakagawa: J. of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.46 (1994), pp.455
Tamura: Journal of the JSTP, Vol.24 (1983), pp.1290
Shimomure: Journal of the JSTP, Vol.24 (1983), pp.1260

Therefore, in case of application of diamond films for cutting tools, we cannot get fine surface finish on work materials.
Soft materials such as aluminum and copper alloys have high viscosity and additionally activity.
Aluminum alloys have lately been consumed more than ever in airplanes and automobiles for the purpose of decreasing the weight of structural materials.
When this is coated over the tool surface and used for cutting aluminum materials, the irregularity of diamond coating surface will be reflected on the cutting finish surface of aluminum materials.
Since these materials are easy to be adhesive, and some of them have extremely abrasive characteristics, it was not possible to obtain sufficient tool performance and durability with ordinary tool materials and coatings.

EFFECT OF SHOT PEENING ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF DURABILITY OF BEVEL GEAR Seong-Kyun Cheong1, a , Dong-Sun Lee 2, b, Yong-Soo Kang 3, c , Tae-Kun Lee4,d and Hyun-Kyu Kim 1, e 1 Dpartment of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, 172, Gongneung-2dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea 2 The Graduate School, Seoul National University of Technology, 172 Gongneung-2dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea 3 The Graduate School of Energy & Environment, Seoul National University of Technology, 172, Gongneung-2dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea 4 Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, 172, Gongneung-2dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea a skjung@snut.ac.kr, blds3690@snut.ac.kr, ckang79kr@snut.ac.kr, d tklee@snut.ac.kr, ekhg@snut.ac.kr Keywords: Shot peening, Fatigue characteristic, Bevel gear, SEM, Optimum condition, S-N curve Abstract.
This peening condition is called as optimum peening condition for the investigated material.
This result supports the preceding study in that materials of high hardness such as carburized gears do not show a remarkable increase in hardness by shot peening process [4]
The average improvement of fatigue life due to the optimum peening process was 46%. 2) Crack initiation started on the surface of the unpeened specimen and on the subsurface of the peened specimen. 3) The surface hardness of unpeened and peened specimen for high strength materials such as carburized gear shows a slight difference
� References [1] Jae-Hoon Kim, Jung-Woo Sa, Duck-Hoi Kim and Sang Young Lee : Journal of the KSPE, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2000) [2] Jin-Shik Kang, Yu-Won Seo, Tae-Hyung Kim, Seong-Kyun Cheong and Yong-Seung Shin : Journal of the KSME, Vol. 6, No. 8 (2002) [3] Ji-Hun Nam, Tae-Hyung Kim, Kook-Jin Lee, Dong-Sun Lee and Seong-Kyun Cheong : Transactions of the KSAE (2003) [4] Dong-Sun Lee, Kook-Jin Lee, Tae-Hyung Kim and Seong-Kyun Cheong : Transactions of the KSMTE (2004)

Composition of waste items and frequency of materials collected in the Azores [9].
Materials and Preparation Samples of marine waste, more specifically non-biodegradable fishing materials, were collected and underwent analysis and processing.
Polyethylenes are widely used polymeric materials, reaching a high percentage (70%) of consumption compared to other polymers.
PLoS One 9 (12), e111913 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111913 [7] Pham, C.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(28), 10239-10244

The main advantages of bentonite clays include significant geological deposits, cheap extraction of raw materials, simple preparation for extraction and use [9].
Borysiuk, Y.Kulyk, Structural, magnetic and adsorption characteristics of magnetically susceptible carbon sorbents based on natural raw materials, Journal of Water and Land Development. 47 (X–XII) (2020) 160-168 [7] G.
Lagaly (Eds), Handbook of Clay Science, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006, 309-377
Lutek, Studies of Adsorption Capacity of Montmorillonite-Enriched Clay from the Khmelnytskyi Region, Key Engineering Materials. 925 (2022) 143-149
Lagaly (Eds), Handbook of Clay Science, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006, pp. 19-86

The model used to calculate PV system energy yield considering shading effects for various PV materials in global positions are illustrated in Fig.1.
QE of different solar cells Results Energy yield affected by materials and tracking strategy.
Energy yield of PV system with different materials under fixed and dual axis tracking.
Monthly energy yield of PV system with different materials under fixed and dual axis tracking.
Electron, Vol 60 (2013), p. 1607-1618 [3] Meusel M., Baur C., et al: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.90 (2006), p. 3268-3275 [4] Meusel M., Baur C., et al: Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol.11 (2003), p. 499-514 [5] Salas V., Olias E., et al: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.90 (2006), p. 1555-1578 [6] Eke Rustu, Senturk Ali: Solar Energy, Vol.86 (2012), p. 2665-2672 [7] Duffie J.A., Beckman W.A.: Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes (Wiley Publications, 2006) [8] Y.N.

Achievements in deep drawing of magnesium alloy sheets Lennart Stutz1, a, Julian Quade2, b, Michael Dahms2, c, Dietmar Letzig1, d and Karl Ulrich Kainer1, e 1Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany 2Flensburg University of Applied Sciences, Kanzleistraße 91-93, 24943 Flensburg, Germany aLennart.Stutz@hzg.de, bJulian.Quade@stud.fh-flensburg.de, cMichael.Dahms@fh-flensburg.de, dDietmar.Letzig@hzg.de, eKarl.Kainer@hzg.de Keywords: Magnesium sheets, deep drawing, formability, dynamic recrystallisation Abstract.
Magnesium alloy sheets bear significant potential in replacing conventional materials such as aluminium and steels in ultra lightweight designs.
By optimising the process, a drawing ratio of 2.9 was achieved for AZ31 sheet, outperforming conventional materials at ambient temperature.
Schumann: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 117 (2001), p. 276-281 [2] J.
Neelameggham, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society TMS, Warrendale (2011), in press [5] K.G.

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Chang C.S[22] (2005) presented an elasto-plastic model for granular materials.
International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2006,Vol 43 (2): 789-801
Creep and Relaxation of Nonlinear Viscous Materials.
Characteristic state plasticity for granular materials Part I: Basic theory, J.
Modification of hydraulic conductivity in granular soils using waste materials, J.