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Then, the optimum topology of macro-structure and modulus matrix of cellular materials will be obtained under this configuration.
Despite these successes, most topology optimization problems were modeled to design the structures or materials independently.
The present work is an attempt to achieve ultra-light structures composed of cellular materials by topology optimization.
Scale-related topology optimization of cellular materials and structures, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 68(2006)993–1011 [2] G.D.
Topology optimization of continuum structure with dynamic constraints using mode identification, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 29(2015) 1407-1412

Preparation of high performance silicon/carbon anode materials for lithium ion battery by high energy ball milling Linglong Kong1,a , Jie Zhao1,b*, Zhiyuan Wang2, Lei Li3, Ning Xu3, Xu Ma1,c* 1School of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Lab of Display Materials & Photoelectric Devices Ministry of Education,Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China 2School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China 3Tianjin B&M Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China alinglongkong@163.com, bvzhaoj@ tjut.edu.cn, cmaxumax_cn@sina.com Keywords: high energy ball milling; lithium ion battery; silicon/carbon; anode materials Abstract.
High specific capacity and good cycle performance of silicon/carbon composite materials reveal that they are promising to replace the traditional carbon anode materials.
Preparation and Characterization of High Capacity Si-Cu/ C Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes [J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals，2007, 31 (1): p.63-66
Journal of materials processing technology. 2008, 208(1-3): p.35-41
Science, 2011, 334(6052): p.75-79.

The complex stress function method is used in this study to formulate the 2-dimensional problem for nonhomogeneous materials.
Introduction Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are formed with continuously varying properties in a certain direction.
Miyamoto: Functionally Graded Materials, Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam, (1997)
Erdogan: The crack problem for the bonded nonhomogeneous materials under antiplane shear loading, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics Vol. 52 (1985), p. 823
Noda: International Journal of Engineering Science 31, (1993), p. 793

Investigation Progress on Microelectronic Materials:Carbon Nanotube and Graphene GuangYin Wang Department of Chemistry, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China Email: wgy_sddz@163.com Keywords: Microelectronic materials; Carbon nanotube; graphene Abstract: In this paper, the structures and electrical properties of carbon nanotube and graphene were introduced, which have advantage in making microelectronic materials.
Besides, graphene may be used to make composite material, cell, super capacitance, hydrogen storage material, field emission material and ultra sensitive sensor. 1.4.
References [1] Ming Tian: Semiconductor Technology Vol. 30 (2005), p.5-7 [2] R.M.Westervelt : Science Vol. 320 (2008), p. 324-325 [3] Su Xunwen.
Journal of Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology Vol. 5 (2005), p. 88-91 [4] Jiao L Y,Zhang L,Wang X R: Nature Vol. 458 (2009), p. 877-880 [5] Zhao Zhiwei,Zhang Chongcai: Journal of Sichuan University of Science and Technology Vol. 23 (2004), p. 243-245 [6] Huang Guirong, Chen Jian: Carbon Techniques Vol. 28 (2009), p. 35-39 [7] Ang Zheng,Shi Yi,Gu Shulin: Research ＆ Progress of Solid State Electronics Vol. 22(2002), p. 131-136 [8] Chen Z,Tong L M,Wu Z Y: Applied Physics Letters Vol. 92(2008), p. 103116-103119 [9] Kosynkin D.
L.and Sinitskii A: Nature Vol. 458 (2009), p. 872-876 [10] Li X L,Zhang L and Wang X R: Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 129 (2007), p. 4890-4891

In experiments carried out in the current research number of cycles to failure of multilayer materials was higher than those for bulk materials.
Introduction The increase of the structural materials' mechanical properties is one of the classical problems of materials science.
Materials and methods Low carbon steel was used as a material for research.
Tomoshige: Journal of materials processing technology Vol. 195 (2008), pp. 232-240 [3] H.H.
Zimmerly: Journal of Materials Science 33 (1998) pp. 5327 – 5338 [5] I.

Table 1 lists most of the current application phase change building materials [4].
In China , by adding phase change material to the matrix we got insulation materials that could be used for building envelope.
By the addition of phase change materials heat storage properties of materials are improved,and the thermal stability of the material is also improved, and does not affect the strength, durability and other properties of materials. [5] The advantages and disadvantages of phase change materials Composite technology of phase change materials mainly includes:(1)put thePCM package ( including container packaging, microcapsule encapsulation ) into building materials;(2) permeate PCM into porous matrix by immersion ( such as gypsum wallboard, concrete etc. ); (3)the PCM is directly mixed with building materials; (4) add the organic PCM to the building materials after emulsion.
Phase change materials as a new building insulation materials, has great advantages compared with sensible heat insulation materials, but it also has some problems, mainly includes[7]:(1) Type of phase change material is not available; (2)Preparation process of phase change building materials is not perfect, in order to prevent leakage.Considing with evaporation of phase change when used, they should be packaged, but package technology of phase change materials at present is still not perfect, this is also important problem of the phase change materials; (3)The high cost of the phase change materials when used.
[2] Liguang Xiao,Shuo Feng: Journal of Jilin Institute of Architecture ＆ Civil Engineering,Vol.29 No.2(Apr.2012), p.35 [3] Yubin Zhou: Master's Degree Dissertation of Chongqing University, (Nov.2007), p.23 [4] Qidong Wang: Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University, (2005), p.5 [5] Leijing Su etc.: Energy Storage Science and Technology,Vol.1 No.2(Nov. 2012), p.113-114 [6] Yijian Wang:Chemical Building Material, (2009), p.25-27 [7] Guocai Zhang,Zhe Xu,Yuanfa Chen: Energy Science and Technology, (2012),p.74-81 [8] C.Murise, P.W.Egolf, D.Vuarnoz, P.Haas: International Journal of Refrigeration, (2010), p.1670-1675

It is added solid lubricant to the matrix materials in the composite.
Experiments Test materials.
The main function of the matrix in composite materials is to sustain load.
[2] L.Y.Yang, Z.M.Liu, Microstructure and tribological properties of Ti-Al self-lubricating materials, Journal of Wuhan University of technology. 30 (2008) 118-120
[7] J.S.Han, W.M.Liu, J.J.Lv, Tribological properties of Fe-Mo-(MoS2/PbO) high temperature self-lubricating material, Journal of material science and engineering. 26 (2008) 117-120

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2014, 2(10): 3317-3324
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2021, 583: 40-49
ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development, 2004, 21(1): 57-67
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016, 4(38): 14693-14702
Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2019, 34: 656-667

Materials Science Forum Vols. *** (2004) pp.192-195 online at http://scientific.net Ó 2004 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Removal Mechanism in Wire-sawing of Hard-brittle Material J.F.
Materials Science Forum Vols. *** 193 Through microindentation techniques, T.
Materials Science Forum Vols. *** 195 Experiments and Discussions Wire-sawing experiments were conducted on a endless wire-saw machine.
Yoshikawa: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Vol. 132(2003), p. 353 [4] S.
Scattergood: Journal of Engineering for Industry Vol.113(1991), p. 184 Fig.4 SEM picture of chips in wire-sawing(2000x) Fig.3 SEM picture of granite in wire-sawing(10x) Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology 196 [6] J.X.

A study of the effect of modified materials on the performance of thermal insulation mortar with cinders and phase change materials Liguang XIAO1,a, Shuo FENG 1,b, Gang LIU1,c, Shting ZHANG 1,d 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Changchun,130118,China axlg627@163.com, b874919997@qq.com, c841299833@qq.com , dting0923@yahoo.cn Key words: Phase change materials; cinder; energy savings and thermal insulation; mortar Abstract: The thermal insulation mortar with cinders and phase change materials which is made from expanded perlites adsorbing composite phase change material, cinders and vitrified small ball as lightweight aggregate has the characteristics of both energy storage and thermal insulation.
The energy storage density of phase change materials is 5～14 times as much as sensible heat storage materials with the same volume[4].
Experiment Procedure Raw materials and properties. (1) P.O 42.5 ordinary Portland cement (2) fly ash, most of which are spherical vitreous bodies.
Adsorption of phase change materials.
References [1] Liguang Xiao: Journal of wuhan University of Technology-Mater.Sci.Ed.Vol.26(2011), p.491 [2] Liguang Xiao: Journal of Jilin Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering Vol.29(2012), p.35 [3] Conrad Voelker, Oliver Kornadt: Energy and BuildingsVol.40(2008), p.937 [4] Sharma A,Tyagi V V,Chen C R: Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev.