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Online since: February 2013
Authors: Jana Katunská, Monika Čuláková, Eva Kridlova-Burdova, Silvia Vilčeková
Current energy strategy of European Union is focused especially on reduction of operational energy of buildings.
The optimized alternative achieves very low embodied energy (218 MJ/m2) and high reduction of embodied CO2 (-114 kg CO2eq/m2).
Policies are being integrated in energy strategies and building regulations at several scales that are focused mainly on reduction of energy during the occupation phase.
The input data of environmental indicators are extracted from IBO database [13], only for straw are from Wihnan’s study [14].
This variant assures reduction of EE about 87% in comparison with B, about 75% in comparison with A and 58% in comparison with C.
The optimized alternative achieves very low embodied energy (218 MJ/m2) and high reduction of embodied CO2 (-114 kg CO2eq/m2).
Policies are being integrated in energy strategies and building regulations at several scales that are focused mainly on reduction of energy during the occupation phase.
The input data of environmental indicators are extracted from IBO database [13], only for straw are from Wihnan’s study [14].
This variant assures reduction of EE about 87% in comparison with B, about 75% in comparison with A and 58% in comparison with C.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Hua Wei Lu, Xin Ping Zou, Shuang Li, Wan Ruo Chen, Shou Ping Shang
Data collection instrument is INV306 intelligent data acquisition and signal analysis system developed by vibration and noise, Oriental Institute of Technology.
Comparing the acceleration time-history curve of the soil bin testing model and SAP2000 analysis model, reduction coefficient of the acceleration can be calculated, and the concrete results can be seen in Table 5.The stiffness of the model simulated in the SAP2000 can also be calculated through analysis which is shown in Table 6.
The acceleration of the fourth layer of the test model is identical to the acceleration of SAP2000 model, take the average acceleration reduction coefficient of the fourth layer and top layer as the integral structure reduction coefficient for acceleration λ.
The acceleration reduction coefficient of the integral structure under different conditions is shown in Table 5.
Fig. 10 The association of increasing coefficient of natural period considering SSI and the stiffness of the strucutre Fig. 9 The association of acceleration reduction coefficient of the structure and structural stiffness Conclusions Through comparing the test results of nine working conditions with SAP2000 modeling analysis results, the conclusions of SSI is listed as follows.
Comparing the acceleration time-history curve of the soil bin testing model and SAP2000 analysis model, reduction coefficient of the acceleration can be calculated, and the concrete results can be seen in Table 5.The stiffness of the model simulated in the SAP2000 can also be calculated through analysis which is shown in Table 6.
The acceleration of the fourth layer of the test model is identical to the acceleration of SAP2000 model, take the average acceleration reduction coefficient of the fourth layer and top layer as the integral structure reduction coefficient for acceleration λ.
The acceleration reduction coefficient of the integral structure under different conditions is shown in Table 5.
Fig. 10 The association of increasing coefficient of natural period considering SSI and the stiffness of the strucutre Fig. 9 The association of acceleration reduction coefficient of the structure and structural stiffness Conclusions Through comparing the test results of nine working conditions with SAP2000 modeling analysis results, the conclusions of SSI is listed as follows.
Online since: January 2018
Authors: S. Nallusamy, V. Saravanan, Abraham George
It makes the process smoother, helps in reduction of lead time and ultimately increasing the productivity.
Lean manufacturing principle then focus on cost reduction by identifying and eliminating non value added activities.
The productivity improvement technique is used to increase the production of manufacturing industries using industrial engineering tools with different methods of cycle time analysis, data analysis, quality analysis, Pareto chart, fish-bone diagram [30-32].
Data collection was done by using stop watch time study and work study was by video analysis.
The current state VSM was created using the present data and is shown in Figure 6.
Lean manufacturing principle then focus on cost reduction by identifying and eliminating non value added activities.
The productivity improvement technique is used to increase the production of manufacturing industries using industrial engineering tools with different methods of cycle time analysis, data analysis, quality analysis, Pareto chart, fish-bone diagram [30-32].
Data collection was done by using stop watch time study and work study was by video analysis.
The current state VSM was created using the present data and is shown in Figure 6.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Hua Shi, Ya Xiang Bai, Ya Xin Yang
At the same time, the drying rate and moisture content data were performed using linear and non-linear regression analysis to estimate a suitable model.
Therefore, the sludge incineration is the most effective way for harmlessness and reduction disposal.
Reduction of energy usage in drying of sludge is a major concern among environmentalists in terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Drying patterns for EHD, hot air and ambient air drying of sludge The EHD experimental data of moisture content obtained at different time were predicted by were predicted by linear and non-linear regression analysis using SPSS computer program, the following exponential equation was found to express the drying rate: (1) where y is the moisture content of sludge in %, t is the drying time in h.
The drying curves of sludge treated by EHD with different voltage values The experimental data of drying rate obtained at different drying voltage were performed for all five drying models, and, the drying constants and the values of R, R2 and S were given in Table 2.
Therefore, the sludge incineration is the most effective way for harmlessness and reduction disposal.
Reduction of energy usage in drying of sludge is a major concern among environmentalists in terms of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
Drying patterns for EHD, hot air and ambient air drying of sludge The EHD experimental data of moisture content obtained at different time were predicted by were predicted by linear and non-linear regression analysis using SPSS computer program, the following exponential equation was found to express the drying rate: (1) where y is the moisture content of sludge in %, t is the drying time in h.
The drying curves of sludge treated by EHD with different voltage values The experimental data of drying rate obtained at different drying voltage were performed for all five drying models, and, the drying constants and the values of R, R2 and S were given in Table 2.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Rui Hua Hu, Zhi Guo Ma, Shuai Zheng, Chuan Lin Zheng, Ai Ju Jiang
Energy requirement (Data source [6][8]) Figure 2.
Table 1 Weight Reduction with natural fiber composites(Data source[12]) Component Auto side panel[9] Auto insulation panel[7] Transport pallet[6] materials ABS Hemp/epoxy Glass fiber Hemp-pp Glass fiber China reed-PP Weight (g ) 1125 820 3500 2600 15000 11770 Weight reduction (%) 27 26 22 Table 2.
The weight reduction ranges from 20-30%.
Natural fiber reinforced composites for automobile(Data source[25,26]) Products Main applications Developers Main users Jute/PP Car interior components, noise absorption panel, NVH/Acoustic absorption materials.
As reported in reference [22], the author gives the thermal conductivity data of some kinds of NFRP.
Table 1 Weight Reduction with natural fiber composites(Data source[12]) Component Auto side panel[9] Auto insulation panel[7] Transport pallet[6] materials ABS Hemp/epoxy Glass fiber Hemp-pp Glass fiber China reed-PP Weight (g ) 1125 820 3500 2600 15000 11770 Weight reduction (%) 27 26 22 Table 2.
The weight reduction ranges from 20-30%.
Natural fiber reinforced composites for automobile(Data source[25,26]) Products Main applications Developers Main users Jute/PP Car interior components, noise absorption panel, NVH/Acoustic absorption materials.
As reported in reference [22], the author gives the thermal conductivity data of some kinds of NFRP.
Online since: June 2016
Authors: Hedi Hartalita, Toto Indriyanto
Currently there are trends toward the use of [4]:
o data communications,
o performance-based procedures and satellite-based navigation,
o automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) technology,
o integration of uplinked weather data with weather radar,
o synthetic and enhanced vision,
o head-up and head-down displays for surface operation,
o open system architectures, and
o integrated information management.
These components are responsible for collecting and processing data from other devices in the system, as well as input control commands and send the processed signal to the displays.
Connection and data exchange among components are performed through networks of data buses such as RS232 (shown as black lines), RS485 (green), ARINC429 (yellow), HSDB (blue) and Ethernet (red).
Flight measurement system (brown blocks) which consists of: - attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), - air data computer (ADC), - magnetometer for magnetic sensor and - engine/fuselage microprocessor.
In addition, G1000 system includes some other modules such as data link satellite radio receiver and servos for automatic control of pitch, pitch trim, and roll.
These components are responsible for collecting and processing data from other devices in the system, as well as input control commands and send the processed signal to the displays.
Connection and data exchange among components are performed through networks of data buses such as RS232 (shown as black lines), RS485 (green), ARINC429 (yellow), HSDB (blue) and Ethernet (red).
Flight measurement system (brown blocks) which consists of: - attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), - air data computer (ADC), - magnetometer for magnetic sensor and - engine/fuselage microprocessor.
In addition, G1000 system includes some other modules such as data link satellite radio receiver and servos for automatic control of pitch, pitch trim, and roll.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Xing Yong Liu, Wei Wei
Different methods reported for the N2O control at the tail gas of industries include thermal decomposition, selective catalytic reduction and catalytic decomposition.
XRD data were analyzed for phase identification, presence of impurity phase, as well as for structural damage if any during the catalyst preparations.
During the content of Fe is 1%, as shown in Fig. 6, this sample itself displays a distinct H2 reduction peak at 450 0C, which can be assigned to the reduction peak from Fe3+ to Fe2+, and in the existence of Fe3+.
Meanwhile, it shows another weak H2 reduction peak at 570 0C, which can be assigned to the reduction peak of Fe2O3, in the existence of Fe2O3 partly.
With the increase of the contents of Fe ions, the shift of the H2 reduction peak to low temperature occurred, and the drastic increase of the signal of H2 reduction peak of Fe2O3 were also observed.
XRD data were analyzed for phase identification, presence of impurity phase, as well as for structural damage if any during the catalyst preparations.
During the content of Fe is 1%, as shown in Fig. 6, this sample itself displays a distinct H2 reduction peak at 450 0C, which can be assigned to the reduction peak from Fe3+ to Fe2+, and in the existence of Fe3+.
Meanwhile, it shows another weak H2 reduction peak at 570 0C, which can be assigned to the reduction peak of Fe2O3, in the existence of Fe2O3 partly.
With the increase of the contents of Fe ions, the shift of the H2 reduction peak to low temperature occurred, and the drastic increase of the signal of H2 reduction peak of Fe2O3 were also observed.
Online since: April 2019
Authors: Herwig Michor, Volodymyr Babizhetskyy, Bogdan Kotur, Alexander Schumer, Mykola Hembara, Volodymyr Levytskyy
Crystal structure parameters from XRD powder data of initial ternary compounds CeCoC2, CeNiC2, and their boundary solid solutions.
Inset: Specific heat data of CeCoC2 depicted as C/T versus T2.
(a) Temperature dependent dc magnetic susceptibility, c(T) º M(T)/H, of solid solutions CeCo1–xNixC2 measured at a field of 1 T and (b) the corresponding inverse susceptibility data, 1/c, where the solid line indicates a Curie Weiss fit (see text); data of CeNiC2 are taken from Ref. [6].
Because of some ambiguity of the absolute values of the measured resistivity data due to the presence of small cracks in the investigated samples, these data are presented in Fig. 6 as normalized resistivity data, r(T)/r(300 K).
Acknowledgement We thank Amitava Bhattacharyya for providing susceptibility data of CeNiC2 presented in Ref. [6].
Inset: Specific heat data of CeCoC2 depicted as C/T versus T2.
(a) Temperature dependent dc magnetic susceptibility, c(T) º M(T)/H, of solid solutions CeCo1–xNixC2 measured at a field of 1 T and (b) the corresponding inverse susceptibility data, 1/c, where the solid line indicates a Curie Weiss fit (see text); data of CeNiC2 are taken from Ref. [6].
Because of some ambiguity of the absolute values of the measured resistivity data due to the presence of small cracks in the investigated samples, these data are presented in Fig. 6 as normalized resistivity data, r(T)/r(300 K).
Acknowledgement We thank Amitava Bhattacharyya for providing susceptibility data of CeNiC2 presented in Ref. [6].
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Michael Peterson, Adilson Oliveira, Jeane Almeida do Rosário, Camila Machado de Oliveira, Agenor de Noni Jr.
Thus, the present work suggests a purification route for the reduction in soluble salts in water, organics and quartz associated with pyrite from the coal mining beneficiation.
It is intended with this work to increase the purity level of pyrite obtained from coal mining, contributing for it transformation into products with more aggregate value, with coal mining and environmental sustainable development by the reduction of that environmental passive.
Leaching in water: For the reduction of soluble levels, like iron sulphates, pyrite was dipped in destilled water at 80oC – 45 mL of water for each 1 g of material – and the system remained in magnetic mixing (Fisatom mixer, 752A model) for one hour.
The Table 1 data indicate that the leaching processes increased the specific mass of the studied material, starting from (3.6121 ± 0.0009) g/cm3 to (3.6434 ± 0.0022) g/cm3.
FTIR spectrums (Fig. 1) indicate the presence of iron sulphates in the “in natura” pyrite – near bands and between the 900 and 1200 cm-1 ranges and 500 and 700 cm-1 [7] – and the reduction of the amounts of them, comproved by the decrease in the intensity of the peaks in that regions, in the purified pyrites.
It is intended with this work to increase the purity level of pyrite obtained from coal mining, contributing for it transformation into products with more aggregate value, with coal mining and environmental sustainable development by the reduction of that environmental passive.
Leaching in water: For the reduction of soluble levels, like iron sulphates, pyrite was dipped in destilled water at 80oC – 45 mL of water for each 1 g of material – and the system remained in magnetic mixing (Fisatom mixer, 752A model) for one hour.
The Table 1 data indicate that the leaching processes increased the specific mass of the studied material, starting from (3.6121 ± 0.0009) g/cm3 to (3.6434 ± 0.0022) g/cm3.
FTIR spectrums (Fig. 1) indicate the presence of iron sulphates in the “in natura” pyrite – near bands and between the 900 and 1200 cm-1 ranges and 500 and 700 cm-1 [7] – and the reduction of the amounts of them, comproved by the decrease in the intensity of the peaks in that regions, in the purified pyrites.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: F.A. Cuzziramos-Gutiérrez, G.P. Rodríguez-Guillén, M.L. Benavides-Salinas, C.K. Palomino-Ñaupa, Fredy Alberto Huamán-Mamani
The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction of the maximum mechanical resistance by increasing the volume of Ichu fibers added in the studied mortar mixtures, on the other hand, a greater degree of deformation was evidenced in mortar mixtures with a greater quantity of Ichu fibers added, reaching deformation values of up to 10%.
From the mechanical data found, it was possible to verify a notable reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers.
In general, a systematic reduction of the modulus of elasticity was observed with the increase in the volume of Ichu fibers in the mortar mixtures studied.
• It was possible to verify a clear reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers in the reinforced mortar mixtures
From the mechanical data found, it was possible to verify a notable reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers.
In general, a systematic reduction of the modulus of elasticity was observed with the increase in the volume of Ichu fibers in the mortar mixtures studied.
• It was possible to verify a clear reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers in the reinforced mortar mixtures