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But calculations of scatter matrixes depend on labeled data, so this criterion can not be used in unsupervised pattern.
But scatter matrix based class separability criterion is used in supervised pattern because scatter matrix can not be calculated by unlabelled data.
If the difference between and its last value less than or the number of iterations no less than the given value, choose the eigenvectors corresponding to the top largest eigenvalues of the matrix as transformation matrix ，and use the linear transformation to finish dimensionality reduction, then terminate, otherwise go to Step 2.
Table 2 Rand Index values of K-means clustering results for original datasets and reduced-dimensional datasets extracted by PCA and FSM Datasets No Dimensionality reduction PCA FSM Iris 0.950 0.950 0.957 Wine 0.688 0.719 0.753 Wdbc 0.750 0.750 0.863 Glass 0.706 0.707 0.713 Table 3 Rand Index values of FCM clustering results for original datasets and reduced-dimensional datasets extracted by PCA and FSM Datasets No Dimensionality reduction PCA FSM Iris 0.950 0.942 0.957 Wine 0.688 0.711 0.770 Wdbc 0.750 0.750 0.863 Glass 0.727 0.707 0.707 Conclusion and Future Work This paper presents a novel class separability criterion based unsupervised feature extraction algorithm.

In this study, the reduction technique of stiffness matrix, which is refered to “transfer matrix method (TM)“, is developed to solve effectively the problem.
In this study, the reduction technique of stiffness matrix, which is refered to “transfer matrix method (TM)“, is developed to solve effectively the structural problem composed of curved and straight pipes.
Applying Eq. (2) to pipe number 1 firstly, we have, 1Zb=1F1Za (3) Fig. 1 Pipe system In order to transfer Eq. (1) to state vector in the relation for local coordinate fixed in pipe number 2, the rotation matrix Rθ1,2 is multiplied from left side to Eq. (1), which leads to, 2Za=Rθ1,21Zb→Rθ1,21F1Za (4) Repetition of this operation in sequence gives us the following: 2Za=Rθ1,21F1Za 3Za=Rθ2,32FRθ1,21F1Za 4Za=Rθ3,43FRθ2,32FRθ1,21F1Za ⋯⋯⋯⋯ Consequently, the transfer relation from pipe number 1 to N can be expressed by, NZa=i=2NRθi-1,ii-1F∙1Za (5) which allows us to calculate the state vector NZa for pipe number N as output data from the state vector 1Za for pipe number 1 as input data.
Fig. 6 Stress distributions in case of Fig. 7 Relationship between accuracy 40 mm inner diameter and pipe bend factor Fig. 8 Comparison in stress components between TM and FEM Conclusion In this study, the reduction technique of stiffness matrix, which is refered to “transfer matrix method (TM)“, is developed to solve effectively the structural problem composed of curved and straight pipes.

Maximum temperatures are around Tmax= 2540 K, and velocity vectors, indicated by arrows, exhibit 1.4 m/s maximum values , (c) experimental melt-pool (400 W – 0.4 m/min – Dm=2 g/min) Influence of process parameters on surface finish - Topography data were analyzed to identify their sensibility versus process parameters (P0 (W), V (m/min) and Dm (g/min)).
In Fig.4b, a strong reduction of Wt parameter with scanning speed is evidenced, but a rather limited effect of laser power P0.
An increase in V values provokes simultaneously a quasi-linear reduction of Dh values (eq.1 [3]), a decrease of MP length L and height H.
For a similar mass feed rate (3 g/min), experimental data (Fig.5a) indicate a moderate reduction (–25%) of peak values Rt together with an increase of V and P0, and constant average roughness values Ra.
Oncoming investigations will consider the following data as possible contributors to surface roughness and waviness: (1) the dilution ratio H/Dh, and the aspect ratios of the melt-pool : L/e and H/e

An advanced experimental-numerical hybrid technique was developed and applied to perform all the required data reduction tasks.
It comprises of an sectioning scheme called as the transverse/oblique slicing (T/O-S) technique and of a physically reasonable data reduction/smoothing procedure called as the global method (GM).
Raw 2D results Results for the exemplary raw 2D data as delivered by NIST are presented in Figs. 2-3.
In Fig. 4 results of its performance for the worst case of raw data for sample #1 (see Fig. 2 above) are shown.
Needless to say, the running thread belongs to that category so the data collected there suffers from this effect.

Meanwhile, the PIV system was employed to measure and analyze the experimental data.
Fig. 5 Relative circulation of different wingspans of data set 1# Fig. 5 depicts that the circulation increases between wingspan 1 and wingspan 17, despite of the reduction of the maximum velocity in Fig. 4.
The relative circulation process result of data set 11# shows in Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 Relative circulation variation of the six data sets When divide the statistical average of the last six data by the statistical average of the six maximum data, the percentage of the circulation reduction of the flow field will be derived.
Table 4 Circulation reduction of every data set Data set 7# 8# 9# 10# 11# 12# Circulation reduction 62% 60% 54% 64% 52% 57% Table 4 shows that the reduction of the circulation varies from 52% to 64% which powerfully proved the effectiveness of Rayleigh-Ludwieg instability in weakening the wake vortex compared to the circulation change of the main wing vortex in Fig. 5.

Production planning and control decisions are based mainly on the results of the analysis of big data as a basis for effective data analysis can provide the most appropriate decisions.
Timelines and projects TW-DRG National Health Insurance Bureau released data is also used to simulate and analyze.
Raw data integration and segmentation is used to build a decision tree process encountered many combinations of relationships.
This study is based in part on data from the National Health Insurance Research Database.
[7] OECD health data 2010, http://www.oecd.org/health/healthdata, 2010

No reduction effect was observed at 0.1% vanillin on all Candida species.
Table 2 presents the percentage reduction of candidal adhesion to obturator resin.
No reduction effect was observed at 0.1% vanillin on all Candida species.
Percentage reduction of candidal adhesion to obturator PMMA resin.
Data from this study revealed the reduction effect of vanillin on candidal adhesion after incorporation into obturator PMMA resin.

It makes the process smoother, helps in reduction of lead time and ultimately increasing the productivity.
Lean manufacturing principle then focus on cost reduction by identifying and eliminating non value added activities.
The productivity improvement technique is used to increase the production of manufacturing industries using industrial engineering tools with different methods of cycle time analysis, data analysis, quality analysis, Pareto chart, fish-bone diagram [30-32].
Data collection was done by using stop watch time study and work study was by video analysis.
The current state VSM was created using the present data and is shown in Figure 6.

The results of optimization show that the 28% reduction was achieved in hydrogen production of north section and this is 35.7% for south section of refinery.
Also adding the new hydrogen recovery unit in hydrogen network will cause 20% reduction in total costs of north and 31.2% in south sections.
Fonseca et al. employed the linear programming model to optimize hydrogen network refinery which leaded to a 30% reduction in hydrogen utility usage [6].
Also the cost data for cost calculations, the optimization results and cost estimations are shown in table 1.
The cost data and optimization results North Section North Section Existing Network Optimized Network Existing Network Optimized Network Total Annual Cost [M$] 64.72 51.31 40.36 27.32 Operating Cost [M$/Yr] 64.72 43.18 39.75 24.29 Hydrogen Cost [M$/Yr] 56.67 40.77 32.55 20.90 Electricity Cost [M$/Yr] 0.70 0.73 39.75 24.29 Fuel Cost [M$/Yr] 7.35 1.68 6.80 2.97 Piping Cost [M$] 0.0000 9.4600 0.0000 0.0078 PSA Cost [M$] 0.00 6.77 0.00 6.06 Hydrogen Flow[lbm/hr] 7072.28 5087.52 4062.30 2608.74 Cost Calculations Data Hydrogen cost for hydrogen plant = 850 $/ton; Electricity cost = 0.08 $/kWh; Fuel costs = 2.5 $/MMBtu; Annual operating hours = 8200 hr/year; References [1] M.I.

One area where research has yet to make a real breakthrough is in the use of modal test data.
However, there are problems in obtaining good vibration data for large beams supported on "hard" supports, such as the round steel bearings used in simple load tests.
When this measure is applied to the data collected from this exercise (Fig 4) it can again be seen that there is a slight, but again discernible, trend in the data.
Although the increase in separation is larger than the frequency shift, the amount of scatter also increased and so it is unlikely that these data will be any more sensitive or useful than the frequency data.
Acknowledgements Data for the work presented in this paper were collected with the help of Johari Yusop and Zhongsheng Wang.