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The data did not suggest any local texture but was dominated by spottiness, particularly in the region not disturbed by the friction stir-weld tool.
The DIC strain data were averaged longitudinally over a distance of 50 mm in the area around the HEDXD line scans.
This was confirmed when the full-field DIC data was viewed and angled fronts of localised plasticity could be seen traversing the specimen.
The stresses are from HEDXD data and deformation strains from the DIC data.
Figure 6 shows the plastic strain distribution across the specimen combining the data from HEDXD, Fig. 3 (the elastic strain reduction, that is residual stress reduction/E, must first be calculated from this data, shown by the HEDXD arrow), and DIC, Fig. 4.

Data processing examples show that the model's practicality and reliability.
The main characteristic of grey system theory is the research about small data and uncertainty, and the basic tool is grey generation.
Behavioral data of the system may be chaotic and complex, but there is always some kind of law among them.
Grey generation is to find the law from these behavioral data, and establish grey model according to the law, further predict the system by solving the model [1].
Example There are the fatigue experimental data (Mpa) in [9]: = [ 560,540,l523,500,475] Corresponds temperature (oC): t = [100, 150,200,250,300] The number corresponding to the temperature: k = [1,2,3,4,5] The model was obtained by using this method proposed in this paper: The fitting value of the data: =[560.6246,540.2185,520.5551,501.6074,,475] The relative error: e(%)=[-0.11154,-0.040461,0.46748,-0.32149,0] The mean of the relative error is 0.18819%.

A Way to Determine the Economic Operation Mode of Substation Transformer Deli Zhao1, Huilin Zhang1, Fengzhen Liu1 and Xin Zhao2,a 1 State Grid Liaoning Chaoyang Power Supply Company, Chaoyang, Liaoning,122000, China 2 State Grid Beijing Tongzhou Power Supply Company,Beijing,101100,China atsustar@126.com Keywords: Transformer, Loss reduction, Economic operation Abstract.
Comparison between the two , the use of two main transformers in parallel operation mode rather than just put in the 2nd main transformer is significant to reduce the variable loss (1.33 ~ 11.04) kW, the annual reduction in electricity consumption variable loss of about (1.165 ~ 9.67) × 104kWh.
Summary The overal calculation is based on the actual data and its effectiveness has been proved in the system, so it is very meaningful to readjust the method to make preparation for the economic operation.The further research will be done on the physical solution to the real system and the balanced arrangement of different substation devices ans apparatuses.

Thus, the present work suggests a purification route for the reduction in soluble salts in water, organics and quartz associated with pyrite from the coal mining beneficiation.
It is intended with this work to increase the purity level of pyrite obtained from coal mining, contributing for it transformation into products with more aggregate value, with coal mining and environmental sustainable development by the reduction of that environmental passive.
Leaching in water: For the reduction of soluble levels, like iron sulphates, pyrite was dipped in destilled water at 80oC – 45 mL of water for each 1 g of material – and the system remained in magnetic mixing (Fisatom mixer, 752A model) for one hour.
The Table 1 data indicate that the leaching processes increased the specific mass of the studied material, starting from (3.6121 ± 0.0009) g/cm3 to (3.6434 ± 0.0022) g/cm3.
FTIR spectrums (Fig. 1) indicate the presence of iron sulphates in the “in natura” pyrite – near bands and between the 900 and 1200 cm-1 ranges and 500 and 700 cm-1 [7] – and the reduction of the amounts of them, comproved by the decrease in the intensity of the peaks in that regions, in the purified pyrites.

The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction of the maximum mechanical resistance by increasing the volume of Ichu fibers added in the studied mortar mixtures, on the other hand, a greater degree of deformation was evidenced in mortar mixtures with a greater quantity of Ichu fibers added, reaching deformation values of up to 10%.
From the mechanical data found, it was possible to verify a notable reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers.
In general, a systematic reduction of the modulus of elasticity was observed with the increase in the volume of Ichu fibers in the mortar mixtures studied.
• It was possible to verify a clear reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers in the reinforced mortar mixtures

The reduction of the crystallization temperature is one of the procedures in this direction.
Calcination must be carefully controlled since the adopted conditions (temperature and time) might influence powders physical characteristics as well as nickel oxide reduction during reforming reaction [3].
Crystallization of gamma alumina and NiAl10O16 powders started at 150ºC, as indicated by the comparison of diffraction data with ICDD cards 10-0425 and 37-1292, respectively.
These diffraction data are in agreement with literature [10,11].
Increase in calcination temperature led to a reduction in surface area, which is related to particle growth.

The research presents the results of data analysis on degassing of wheel grades of steels in a tank degasser with a capacity of 120 tons, operated at the JSC “Ural Steel”.
The Purpose and Object of the Study The study of the laws of degassing of wheel steel grades was carried out on the basis of the production data on the results of vacuum metal treatment at the installation vacuum tank degasser (VTD) SIEMENS-VAI with a capacity of 120 tons, operated since 2012 in an electric steel shop of the JSC “Ural Steel”.
The Basic Data To study the patterns of steel degassing at the VTD, an analysis of the production data on the smelting of wheel steel grades for November-December 2019 was carried out.
The averaged data on process parameters and the results of steel degassing of the studied steels are given in Table 1.
Therefore, for further processing from the initial production data, the dropouts of melting was screened with a freeboard value of more than 600 mm, and the influence of the slag layer thickness, visually estimated, was not taken into account.

Currently, in order to using rough sets to get weight, firstly, we should do the attribute reduction on the basis of data sets, delete redundant attributes, then using attributes sets after reduction as the new index system, acquiring the weight last[2-6].
This model improved the attributes reduction approach and divided attributes into two categories by attributes reduction definition.
Above all, demonstrate the improvement method’s feasibility and effective from both data and theory.
Healthy-dwelling sound environment data is shown in Table 1.
Get the decision attribute through the classic k-means clustering algorithm.The original number of data is 706 totally and it reduce to 627 after removing the noise data.

They significantly contribute to improvement of forgings quality and production costs reduction.
The crucial points of the numerical simulations are material input data and implemented material models.
The paper is dealing with overview of methods for the input data measurement.
Introducion The FEM simulation results are as good as the input data and thus care must be paid to use appropriate material data and models describing considered material behavior under service loading conditions.The influence of strain, strain rate, stresses and temperatures have to be addressed.
Example of data measured for fitting of Jonson/Cook model can be seen in Fig. 1.

However, the controlled thermal management system has not been significantly employed for further reduction of specific diesel oil consumption and increase of truck mileage.
Firstly, the cooling system model was validated with experimental data, and then replaced with an advanced controlled thermal management system using a 1-D simulation model.
Thermal management System Avails The overall aim of any engine thermal management strategy is to achieve the desired stable engine operating temperature as quickly as possible, thus minimizing engine frictional losses through lubricant viscosity reduction, reducing warm up time, and delivering cabin heater performance within as short a timeframe as possible [3].
Engine main data Engine Characteristic Parameters Compression ratio 17.5 Firing order A1 B3 A3 B2 A2 B1 Cylinder arrangement V form at angle 90 ° Working cycle 4 Stroke Number of cylinders 6 Rated speed range (rpm) 1800:2100 Cylinder Geometry Bore/Stroke (mm) 132 / 145 Engine Displacement (ltr.) 11906 The controlled cooling system model is integrated to Simulink for the purpose of controlling the fan speed, pump speed and the electrically actuated thermostat in order to increase the flexibility of the cooling system to an optimum level .
The integrated model was validated using the experimental data of engine performance and thermal balance experiment which has conducted in “Power Mechanism and Engineering Laboratory, BIT”.