Sort by:
Publication Type:
Open access:
Publication Date:
Periodicals:
Search results
Online since: August 2016
Authors: Michael Peterson, Adilson Oliveira, Jeane Almeida do Rosário, Camila Machado de Oliveira, Agenor de Noni Jr.
Thus, the present work suggests a purification route for the reduction in soluble salts in water, organics and quartz associated with pyrite from the coal mining beneficiation.
It is intended with this work to increase the purity level of pyrite obtained from coal mining, contributing for it transformation into products with more aggregate value, with coal mining and environmental sustainable development by the reduction of that environmental passive.
Leaching in water: For the reduction of soluble levels, like iron sulphates, pyrite was dipped in destilled water at 80oC – 45 mL of water for each 1 g of material – and the system remained in magnetic mixing (Fisatom mixer, 752A model) for one hour.
The Table 1 data indicate that the leaching processes increased the specific mass of the studied material, starting from (3.6121 ± 0.0009) g/cm3 to (3.6434 ± 0.0022) g/cm3.
FTIR spectrums (Fig. 1) indicate the presence of iron sulphates in the “in natura” pyrite – near bands and between the 900 and 1200 cm-1 ranges and 500 and 700 cm-1 [7] – and the reduction of the amounts of them, comproved by the decrease in the intensity of the peaks in that regions, in the purified pyrites.
It is intended with this work to increase the purity level of pyrite obtained from coal mining, contributing for it transformation into products with more aggregate value, with coal mining and environmental sustainable development by the reduction of that environmental passive.
Leaching in water: For the reduction of soluble levels, like iron sulphates, pyrite was dipped in destilled water at 80oC – 45 mL of water for each 1 g of material – and the system remained in magnetic mixing (Fisatom mixer, 752A model) for one hour.
The Table 1 data indicate that the leaching processes increased the specific mass of the studied material, starting from (3.6121 ± 0.0009) g/cm3 to (3.6434 ± 0.0022) g/cm3.
FTIR spectrums (Fig. 1) indicate the presence of iron sulphates in the “in natura” pyrite – near bands and between the 900 and 1200 cm-1 ranges and 500 and 700 cm-1 [7] – and the reduction of the amounts of them, comproved by the decrease in the intensity of the peaks in that regions, in the purified pyrites.
Online since: February 2022
Authors: F.A. Cuzziramos-Gutiérrez, G.P. Rodríguez-Guillén, M.L. Benavides-Salinas, C.K. Palomino-Ñaupa, Fredy Alberto Huamán-Mamani
The mechanical results found revealed a systematic reduction of the maximum mechanical resistance by increasing the volume of Ichu fibers added in the studied mortar mixtures, on the other hand, a greater degree of deformation was evidenced in mortar mixtures with a greater quantity of Ichu fibers added, reaching deformation values of up to 10%.
From the mechanical data found, it was possible to verify a notable reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers.
In general, a systematic reduction of the modulus of elasticity was observed with the increase in the volume of Ichu fibers in the mortar mixtures studied.
• It was possible to verify a clear reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers in the reinforced mortar mixtures
From the mechanical data found, it was possible to verify a notable reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers.
In general, a systematic reduction of the modulus of elasticity was observed with the increase in the volume of Ichu fibers in the mortar mixtures studied.
• It was possible to verify a clear reduction in the values of maximum compressive strengths by increasing the volumetric fraction of Ichu fibers in the reinforced mortar mixtures
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Chuang Deng, Shu Xiang Wang, Wei Dong Zheng, Sheng Wei Wang, Pu Yu He, Hou Dong Xu
(2)Pollutant emissions of per unit output
(2)
Where,is the pollutant emissions of per unit output of the th enterprise; is the annual emissions of pollutant of the thenterprise,ton; is the annual output of the thenterprise,yuan.
2.2Resource Consumption Factor Analysis Model
(3)
Where, is energy consumption of per unit output; is the annual power consumption of the thenterprise,kWh; is the annual output of the thenterprise,yuan.
2.3Economic Analysis Model
(1)Custom outage losses
If thcustom’s interruptible load ratio is , the outage losses are:
(4)
Where, is the outage losses of the th enterprise when interruptible load ratio is ;are the industry outage cost coefficient, can be obtained by historical data
(2)Vule of loss load of power grid Through limiting electricity to the th enterprise, it can result in the loss of load loss of grid company, we can use the following formulas to calculate the loss in case of emergency situation when the reduction of electricity supplymentis,kWh: (5) (6) (7) Where, is the grid company’s loss in case of emergency situation when limiting electricity to the th enterprise while the reduction of electricity supplyment is ;is the reduction of the operation cost of grid company whenthe reduction of electricity supplyment is;is the reduction of the electricity sales profit when the reduction of electricity supplyment is ;is the electricity salse profit as a percentage of sales revenue, ;are constants, can be obtained by historical data; is the electricity purchasing price of grid company; is the sales price of the grid company. 2.3Customers Importance Analysis Model (1)Users payment rate
(2)Vule of loss load of power grid Through limiting electricity to the th enterprise, it can result in the loss of load loss of grid company, we can use the following formulas to calculate the loss in case of emergency situation when the reduction of electricity supplymentis,kWh: (5) (6) (7) Where, is the grid company’s loss in case of emergency situation when limiting electricity to the th enterprise while the reduction of electricity supplyment is ;is the reduction of the operation cost of grid company whenthe reduction of electricity supplyment is;is the reduction of the electricity sales profit when the reduction of electricity supplyment is ;is the electricity salse profit as a percentage of sales revenue, ;are constants, can be obtained by historical data; is the electricity purchasing price of grid company; is the sales price of the grid company. 2.3Customers Importance Analysis Model (1)Users payment rate
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Alla A. Novakova, Tatiana S. Gendler, Tatiana Yu. Kiseleva, Igor A. Il’inych, Vera V. Levina
This temperature was chosen on the basis of thermogravimetric analysis, revealed both dehydration and reduction processes ranges [4].
According to the electron diffraction data iron particles in all the samples are coated with amorphous SiO2 layers with thickness of about 3 nm.
Thus the complete reduction at MM homogenization procedure has not been achieved.
Mossbauer spectra and corresponding phase contribution for nanocomposites, obtained in course of precursors reduction in hydrogen at 400oC.
It cannot be explained by iron concentration only in accordance with Mossbauer spectroscopy data.
According to the electron diffraction data iron particles in all the samples are coated with amorphous SiO2 layers with thickness of about 3 nm.
Thus the complete reduction at MM homogenization procedure has not been achieved.
Mossbauer spectra and corresponding phase contribution for nanocomposites, obtained in course of precursors reduction in hydrogen at 400oC.
It cannot be explained by iron concentration only in accordance with Mossbauer spectroscopy data.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Fei Yun Tang
Average data of each national level department (mining, transportation, product manufacture and distribution etc.) were used in the analysis.
This method makes collecting data easier, has obvious advantage on analyzing macroscopic carbon footprint and was mainly used to calculate carbon footprint of city or national level. [10] 2.2 Calculating content of enterprise carbon footprint Enterprise carbon footprint means the emission volume of carbon dioxide directly or indirectly generated in the product life cycle which is from obtaining material, manufacturing, package, transportation, and abandonment to recover.
Documentary evidence means the information recorded by paper or electronic media, including construction organization design, construction diary, photos, site certificate and completion data.
The persuasion of witness evidence is much less than physical and documentary evidence. 3.3.2 Data treatment Treat data according to the following procedures: (1) state the project; (2) identify and choose the source of carbon emission GHG relevant to the project and determine the calculation boundary referring to the carbon footprint expression of enterprise; (3) take relative formula for reference, calculate the amount of carbon emission and get the total amount of carbon emission of the whole project; (4) estimate the carbon sink (carbon capture) capacity of landscape engineering in operation process; (5) obtain carbon footprint value of life cycle of landscape engineering after positive-negative comparison between carbon resource and carbon sink.
Carbon Footprint and Energy-saving Emission Reduction [J].
This method makes collecting data easier, has obvious advantage on analyzing macroscopic carbon footprint and was mainly used to calculate carbon footprint of city or national level. [10] 2.2 Calculating content of enterprise carbon footprint Enterprise carbon footprint means the emission volume of carbon dioxide directly or indirectly generated in the product life cycle which is from obtaining material, manufacturing, package, transportation, and abandonment to recover.
Documentary evidence means the information recorded by paper or electronic media, including construction organization design, construction diary, photos, site certificate and completion data.
The persuasion of witness evidence is much less than physical and documentary evidence. 3.3.2 Data treatment Treat data according to the following procedures: (1) state the project; (2) identify and choose the source of carbon emission GHG relevant to the project and determine the calculation boundary referring to the carbon footprint expression of enterprise; (3) take relative formula for reference, calculate the amount of carbon emission and get the total amount of carbon emission of the whole project; (4) estimate the carbon sink (carbon capture) capacity of landscape engineering in operation process; (5) obtain carbon footprint value of life cycle of landscape engineering after positive-negative comparison between carbon resource and carbon sink.
Carbon Footprint and Energy-saving Emission Reduction [J].
Online since: May 2014
Authors: David K. Matlock, John G. Speer, L.S. Thomas
Each alloy was prepared with two different cold rolled reductions.
Two different cold reductions (CR) were performed.
LCR 1020 is SAE 1020 with 39 pct cold reduction.
Figures 2a-2b show the reduction in pearlite band width with greater cold reduction.
The data in Table 1 also show that a slight decrease in Ac3 was observed in both LCR and HCR 15B25.
Two different cold reductions (CR) were performed.
LCR 1020 is SAE 1020 with 39 pct cold reduction.
Figures 2a-2b show the reduction in pearlite band width with greater cold reduction.
The data in Table 1 also show that a slight decrease in Ac3 was observed in both LCR and HCR 15B25.
Online since: July 2009
Authors: Gideon Moses Jacob, Igor Zhitomirsky
The diffusion-controlled deposition mechanism is based on the reduction
of anionic MnO4 at
the cathode surface.
The experimental data presented in Fig.1 showed lower deposition yield from the 0.1 and 0.15 M KMnO4 solutions compared to that obtained from the 0.02 M KMnO4 solution at a current density of 2 mA/cm2.
A small reduction in sample mass was observed during anodic pulse, applied after cathodic pulse (Fig.2 b).
As a result, the reduction in charge storage properties was observed.
Summary Manganese dioxide films were prepared by cathodic reduction of 0.02-0.15 M KMnO4 solutions.
The experimental data presented in Fig.1 showed lower deposition yield from the 0.1 and 0.15 M KMnO4 solutions compared to that obtained from the 0.02 M KMnO4 solution at a current density of 2 mA/cm2.
A small reduction in sample mass was observed during anodic pulse, applied after cathodic pulse (Fig.2 b).
As a result, the reduction in charge storage properties was observed.
Summary Manganese dioxide films were prepared by cathodic reduction of 0.02-0.15 M KMnO4 solutions.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Razvan Păcurar, Ancuţa Păcurar
The percent volume reduction was selected at the beginning as being 20 %.
Results of the topology optimization for the percent volume reduction of: a) 20 %; b) 30 %; c) 45 % Femap NX Nastran offers the possibility to analyze the numerical data on a series of graphics as the ones presented in Figure 6.
The lowest value of stiffness resulted in the case when a percent volume reduction of 20 % has been considered (see Figure 6a).
Weight of the component in accordance with the loading force and the percent volume reduction coefficient By analyzing the results presented in Table 1 and Figure 7, it is possible to observe that by increasing the value of the loading force and percent volume reduction coefficient, in both cases of material type that were considered, the weight decrease is significant.
Taking into account the fact that more than 200 components like this are mounted in an airplane, the fuel consumption reduction is also significant in this case.
Results of the topology optimization for the percent volume reduction of: a) 20 %; b) 30 %; c) 45 % Femap NX Nastran offers the possibility to analyze the numerical data on a series of graphics as the ones presented in Figure 6.
The lowest value of stiffness resulted in the case when a percent volume reduction of 20 % has been considered (see Figure 6a).
Weight of the component in accordance with the loading force and the percent volume reduction coefficient By analyzing the results presented in Table 1 and Figure 7, it is possible to observe that by increasing the value of the loading force and percent volume reduction coefficient, in both cases of material type that were considered, the weight decrease is significant.
Taking into account the fact that more than 200 components like this are mounted in an airplane, the fuel consumption reduction is also significant in this case.
Online since: April 2015
Authors: Artur Rękas, Tomasz Latos, Robert Budzyn, Maciej Kociołek, Tadeusz Styrna
To carry out the simulation, some crucial parameters mast have been defined, such as: the initial data, boundary conditions, as well as technological data concerning the sheets which were specified experimentally.
The material data about 3104 aluminium alloy were also introduced.
In the case of the initial thickness of 0.230 mm, thinning was the smallest - 0.218 mm (0.012 mm of reduction) and thickening was the largest and was 0.300 mm (0.070 mm of increase).
The change is caused by reduction in thickness of the material.
For the analyzed cases, an increase in plane condition of tensile stress at the bottom and reduction of thickness of the base material were observed.
The material data about 3104 aluminium alloy were also introduced.
In the case of the initial thickness of 0.230 mm, thinning was the smallest - 0.218 mm (0.012 mm of reduction) and thickening was the largest and was 0.300 mm (0.070 mm of increase).
The change is caused by reduction in thickness of the material.
For the analyzed cases, an increase in plane condition of tensile stress at the bottom and reduction of thickness of the base material were observed.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Dumitru Soaita
Working methodology consisted in processing literature data and data obtained from author’s experimental research on the environmental impact of EDM.
As a consequence, the reduction of energy, resources end noise demands is an essential key to improve the environmental performance of industrial manufacturing processes.
However, some applications for reduction of environmental impact are relevant to EDM as the following paragraphs illustrates.
There are no data available regarding the environmental performance and related savings potentials of EDM machine tools considering the multitude of design options identified and subject to assessment.
The reduction of environmental impact of manufacturing processes demands accurate knowledge about the existing material and energy flows as well as the origins of associated environmental impact.
As a consequence, the reduction of energy, resources end noise demands is an essential key to improve the environmental performance of industrial manufacturing processes.
However, some applications for reduction of environmental impact are relevant to EDM as the following paragraphs illustrates.
There are no data available regarding the environmental performance and related savings potentials of EDM machine tools considering the multitude of design options identified and subject to assessment.
The reduction of environmental impact of manufacturing processes demands accurate knowledge about the existing material and energy flows as well as the origins of associated environmental impact.