Experimental Analysis of Different Packed Bed Catalysts for Lean NOx Traps (LNT)

Abstract:

In LNT Catalysts, oxidizing agents are added for reducing the levels of NOxemission. In the current work three sets of LNT catalysts were prepared by dipping them in three independent solutions containing i) Barium nitrate, ii) Copper nitrate + Silver nitrate, iii) Copper nitrate + Ferric nitrate + Barium nitrate. These three catalysts were then tested in dual-cylinder four-stroke Simpson 217 DI Diesel engine coupled to electrical dynamometer with wire wound resistance loading device. LNT process was studied and performance of the various chemicals used to reduce the NOx emission under various load conditions in lean burn engine was evaluated. 60% NOx conversion was obtained for LNT catalyst coated with barium + copper +ferric nitrate.

• Periodical: Applied Mechanics and Materials (Volume 787)
• Pages: 677-681
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.787.677
• Online since: August 2015
• Authors: P. Kumaran*, S. Mohanamurugan, P. Shankar, R. Vijay, R. Narayanan
• Keywords: Dynamometer, LNT Catalyst, Nitrate, Nox Emission

References

[1] A. E. Wang, Heterogeneous modeling for fixed-bed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Reactor model and its applications, Chemical Engineering Science, (2003), pp.867-875.

DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00618-8

[2] L. Olsson, E. Fridell, The influence of Pt oxide formation and Pt dispersion on the reactions over Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/BaO/Al2O3, J. Catal. 210 (2002) 340-353.

DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2002.3698

[3] K. J. Whitty, H. R. Zhang, and E. G. Eddings, Emissions from syngas combustion, Combust. Sci. and Tech., 180 (2008)1117 – 1136.

DOI: 10.1080/00102200801963326

[4] Y. Traa, B. Burger, and J. Weitkamp, Zeolite‐based materials for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with hydrocarbons, Micro porous and Meso porous Materials, 30 (1999) 3 – 41.

DOI: 10.1016/s1387-1811(99)00030-x

[5] Ingemar Odenbrand, J. Blanco, P. Avila, C. Knapp, Lean NOx reduction in real diesel exhaust with copper and platinum titania based monolithic catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 23 (1999) 37-44.

DOI: 10.1016/s0926-3373(99)00065-x

[6] Nauta, Weiland, S., Backx, A.C.P. K.M., Reduction of kinetic mechanisms in reactive flow models for dynamic optimization, American Control Conference, ACC '07, (2007).

DOI: 10.1109/acc.2007.4282996

[7] Yi Liu, Yang Zheng, Michael P. Harold, Dan Luss, Lean NOx Reduction with H2 and CO in Dual-Layer LNT–SCR Monolithic Catalysts: Impact of Ceria Loading, Topics in Catalysis, 56 (2013) Issue 1-8, 104-108.

DOI: 10.1007/s11244-013-9936-1

[8] W.Y. Hernándeza, A. Hadjar, M. Klotz, J. Leloup, A. Princivalle, C. Tardivat, C. Guizard, P. Vernoux, NOx storage capacity of yttria-stabilized zirconia-based catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 130– 131(2013)54– 64.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.09.048

[9] M. Koebel, and E. O. Strutz, Thermal and hydrolytic decomposition of urea for automotive selective catalytic reduction systems: thermo chemical and practical aspects, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42(2003) 2093 – 2100.

DOI: 10.1021/ie020950o

[10] J. Muniz, G. Marban, and A. B. Fuertes, Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOover modified activated carbon fibres, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 27 (2000) 27 – 36.

DOI: 10.1016/s0926-3373(00)00134-x

[11] M. Koebel, and M. Elsener, Selective catalytic reduction of NO over commercial DeNOx catalysts: Experimental determination of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, Chemical Engineering Science, 53, (1998) 657 – 669.

DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2509(97)00342-4

[12] W. S. Kijlstra, D.S. Brands, H. I. Smit, E. K. Poels, and A. Bliek, Mechanism of the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over MnOx/Al2O3: II. Reactivity of adsorbed NH3 and NO complexes, Journal of Catalysis, 171 (1997) 219 – 230.

DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1997.1789

[13] D. Tsinoglou, D and G. Koltsakis, Modeling of the selective catalytic NOx reduction in diesel exhaust including ammonia storage, Proc. IMechE: J. Automobile Engineering, 221(2007) 117– 133.

DOI: 10.1243/09544070jauto368

[14] S. Zurcher, M. Hackel, and G. Schaub, Kinetics of selective catalytic NOx reduction in a novel gas‐particle filter reactor (catalytic filter element and sponge insert), Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 47(2008)1435 – 1442.

DOI: 10.1021/ie071091c

[15] G. Ertl, H. Knözinger, J. Weitkamp, Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol. 4 Weinheim, VCH, (1997).

[16] C. N Satterfield, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice 2 ed., New York, McGraw–Hill Inc, (1996).

[17] Xu, L., Graham, G., McCabe, R., Hoard, J., The Feasibility of an Alumina-Based Lean NOx Trap (LNT) for Diesel and HCCI Applications, (2008), SAE 2008-01-0451.

DOI: 10.4271/2008-01-0451