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They significantly contribute to improvement of forgings quality and production costs reduction.
The crucial points of the numerical simulations are material input data and implemented material models.
The paper is dealing with overview of methods for the input data measurement.
Introducion The FEM simulation results are as good as the input data and thus care must be paid to use appropriate material data and models describing considered material behavior under service loading conditions.The influence of strain, strain rate, stresses and temperatures have to be addressed.
Example of data measured for fitting of Jonson/Cook model can be seen in Fig. 1.

According to the monitoring data, for years the landslide has always been in a certain speed to decline until nearly two years on which the sliding has reached a plateau.
The basic principle of shear strength reduction This article uses the shear strength reduction to gain the safety factor of the slope.
The safety factor of slope stability in the shear strength reduction is defined as: the extent of reduction of the soil shear strength that make slope just reached critical damage condition of rock, that is to say, definition for geotechnical engineering safety coefficient is that the ratio of actual shear strength and critical damage reduction after the shear strength.
The main points of the shear strength reduction are to use formula 1 and formula 2 to adjust the strength of the rock mass index c and φ, and then on the numerical analysis of slope stability, constantly increase reduction coefficient, repeat calculation, until reach its critical damage, then get reduction coefficient for safety factor that is Fs.
In addition, in the strength reduction in FLAC3D, except the reduction shear strength parameters, the user can also choose whether strength parameters of interface unit (interface) and tensile strength σt are for reduction, and use the Solve fos command in FLAC3D to calculate.

,Ltd, Qingzhou, Shandong, 262500,China afy58wang@126.com, b13589173172@163.com, csunruifeng_15@163.com, dyufeizb@sina.com Keywords: Wheel loader, Consumption reduction, Performance, Evaluation Abstract.
The performance of acceleration time, distance and the fuel consumption was evaluated based on the data from five tons wheel loader.
Based on the typical job cycle and the analysis on traction and speed, the author got the data of accelerated performance, efficiency and so on.
Acceleration Time and Acceleration Distance According to the test data of typical conditions, when making calculations, the main concern should on four stages of moving forward with no-load, moving back with load, moving forward with load, moving back with no load.

The carbothermal reduction of the xerogels produced porous SiC with a surface area of 112 m2 /g.
It can transfer its hydrogen to varieties of metal catalysts that can participate in many reductions [8].
The carbothermal reduction was carried out in a horizontally tubular reactor.
The FTIR datas were collected using a Nicolet 470 FTIR spectrometer operating at a resolution of 4 cm-1.
In other hand, cobalt component in the xerogels also acts as catalyst during the carbothermal reduction.

Calculated polarization curves are shown to compare favourably with published experimental data for ultra-thin catalyst layers.
Thereafter, modeling results are analyzed and compared with the available experimental data.
The experimental data of Parthasarathy et al. [7] were used to correlate the reference exchange current density for oxygen reduction in the acidic electrolyte with temperature.
We compare our model calculations of polarization as a function of operating current density to the experimental data of Debe [2].
Since many researchers report that the hydrogen electrode in the PEFC performed with negligible overpotential, the experimental fuel cell voltage data are comparable to our calculated potentials by including the membrane proton resistance.

The data presented in Table 4 were taken from comprehensive property-grain size graphs published earlier in reference 4.
Therefore, the total effect of grain boundaries on the thermal expansion coefficient would be rather small, consistent with the data presented in Table 4 for nickel electroforms.
In this study, Gleiter [23] presented thermal expansion data as a function of the applied pressure during powder consolidation.
Again a small reduction down to 780 GPa is observed for the smallest grain size of 5 nm.
Wang et al. [40] examined the creep behavior in nanocrystalline nickel electroforms and analyzed the data using the constitutive equations for diffusion-dependent mechanisms.

Each alloy was prepared with two different cold rolled reductions.
Two different cold reductions (CR) were performed.
LCR 1020 is SAE 1020 with 39 pct cold reduction.
Figures 2a-2b show the reduction in pearlite band width with greater cold reduction.
The data in Table 1 also show that a slight decrease in Ac3 was observed in both LCR and HCR 15B25.

Taking into account the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CFS) of HVS model, the color information reduction is implemented in some subbands of the wavelet transform domain.
There are much works for image-dependent GMAs proposed in the recent years [2-4], which can be categorized into four types: color-by-color reduction, color-by-color expansion, spatial gamut mapping, and spectral gamut mapping.
It converts the image data to transform coefficients that are a function of spatial frequency.
(a) test image (b)reconstructed image (c) image gamut Fig. 3 Test images and gamut (solid: original image gamut; semitransparent: PGI) Tab.1 Additional data for the test images Test image Gamut algorithm Gamut volume Original image Reconstructed image Parrot Convex hull 329023 248226 Color hat Convex hull 413495 390065 Conclusions In this paper, we present a novel method for constructing the PGI based on wavelet transform and HVS.
Taking into account CFS of HVS model, the color information reduction is implemented in some subbands of the wavelet transform domain.

The information rates of single carrier modulation and multi-carrier modulation were compared to illustrate the role of order reduction.
It has been the core index and key generic technology of a new generation communication system to transmit higher speed data in unit frequency band.
An example of hybrid modulation combining of AM and MPPSK is described in [7], which can transmit an additional digital data about 72.65625kbps when the normal AM works well.
Order Reduction.
So it is necessary to illustrate the effect of modulation order reduction.

However, the transport data suggest that carbon diffusion is limited to the outer layer of the MgB2 grains in both cases.
The estimate of the carbon amount x in Mg(B1-xCx)2 for each sample was based on neutron diffraction data [11].
The data for each sample are given in The Table 1.
From the resistance data measured in applied field we extracted the upper critical field Hc2 (Fig. 4).
Data show a systematic enhancement of Hc2.