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The bi-direction principal stress and its change were adverse to stress of materials, and the concretes were prone to crack, and especially distribution in the direction of diagonal line and cross sp-line.
Contrasting to the concrete ring, the concrete suffered the bi-direction tensile stress and was bad to materials and was prone to crack for the same shrinkage strain.
[4] D．A．Wiegrink, R．J．Detweler, E．S．Lagergern．Cracking Tendency and Drying Shrinkage of Silica Fume Concrete for Bridge Deck Application．ACI Materials Journal. 2000, 97(1)：71～76 [5] Wang Z M, Kwan A K H, Chan H C．Mesoscopie study of concrete I: generation of random aggregate structure and finite element mesh.
See, E．K．Attogbe, M．A．Miltenberger．Shrinkage Cracking Characteristics of Concrete Using Ring Specimens, ACI Materials Journal．2003, 100 (3)：239-245 [9] Tang Ji-an, Zhu Wan-cehng.
Beijin: Science Press2003: 125-130.

CBR value is used as parameter of roadbed soil and pavement material in the current airport flexible pavement design method [2].
China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007
Hubei: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology. 2011 [6] Shuiyou Xie, Chuanchao Zheng.
Journal of Chang an University( natural science edition)
[10] Xudong Wang. material dynamic characteristics and dynamic parametersn of the Asphalt pavement.

Substituting chemical coagulants with natural materials can reduce adverse health effects.
Journal Hazardous Material, 148(1) (2007) 6-14
Chemical Engineering Journal, 137 (2008) 510-517
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 141(3) (2007) 778-783
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 18(2) (2006) 214-220

A Finite Element Analysis on SAW Sensor for Torque Measuring Lijiu Wang 1, a *, Yuntao Zhang 2,b 1 Key laboratory of Fundamental Science for Advanced Machining, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081,China 2 Key laboratory of Fundamental Science for Advanced Machining, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081,China awanglijiu@bit.edu.cn, 24728,byuntao@163.comdu.cn Keywords: Surface Acoustic Wave , FEA, SAW Sensor Abstract.
is related to material of substrate, and for quartz crystal.
FEA using ANSYS Fig.3 Meshing and loading It should be mentioned that, materials of the three layers are metal (45# steel), adhesive (epoxy resin) and quartz.
The SAW sensor with simplified 3-layer model is investigated with respect to the geometric and material parameters.
AIAA JOURNAL, 1987, Vol. 25(10):1373-1385 [5]Christopher Park, Curtis Walz , Inderjit Chopra.

Experiment Materials and Apparatuses.
The quality of the reaction materials is important for the generation of the product.
Marevtsev：Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry Vol. 120 (1999), p.55
Moniruzzaman, G.F.Fernando, A.J.Bellamy: European Polymer Journal, Vol.42 (2006), p.1455
[7] Jiefang Zhu, Michael Zäch: Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Vol.14 (2009), p.260

Some materials have a weak absorbtion ability of microwave because of their low ε, so they need a long time to cause a pyrolysis by microwave irradiation, and some even can’t[8].
Experimental Experimental Materials.
Lin: Leather Science And Engineering, Vol. 18 (2008), No.1, p.34-39
Xie: Coal Structure And its Reactivity (Science Press, Beijing 2002)
Li: Journal of China Coal Society, Vol. 27 (2002) No.2, p.179-183

Currently, new materials are being developed to ensure good tribological properties and do not contain lead in their chemical composition [1].
Babik et al. [14], showed that erosion and corrosion resistance of HVOF sprayed bronze is similar to as-cast materials and is a good solution for repairing of machine parts.
Tian, Microstructure and properties of cold sprayed aluminum bronze coating on MBLS10A-200 magnesium-lithium alloy, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 281 (2022), 125832 [5] I dir A, Younes R, Bradai MA, Sadeddine A, Baiamonte L, Pintaude G.
ISS., pp. 629–640 [9] Alian, A., Jalham, I.S., Abrasive wear resistance comparative study of plasma - Sprayed steel by magnesium zirconate, aluminum-bronze, molybdenum, and mixtures of them as coating materials, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 31 (2006) 1 B, pp. 27–34 [10] Dimaté Castllanos, L.M., Olaya Florez, J.J., Alfonso Orjuela, J.E.
Bandyopadhyay, Tribological behaviour of HVOF sprayed diamond reinforced bronze coatings, Diamond & Related Materials, 93 (2019), 16–25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2019.01.014 [20] T.

Acknowledgement The experimental work described in this paper was conducted at the Building Materials Laboratory in the Universidad San Pablo-CEU and the laboratories of materials at the Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science during the thesis work of the student Rocío Sancho.
Construction and Building Materials 2016 July 1,;114:15-28
Construction & building materials 2012;27(1):404-414
Materials 2013 Oct 09,;6(10):4450-4461
Journal of Materials Science 2004 May;39(9):3015-3024

The main technology index and structural characterization of the composite modified starch were tested and determined in order to provide scientific basis for further development in many fields such as functional materials, surfactant, food, spinning and paper-making.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by Nature Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (0832258) and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Materials & Preparation Technology Foundation (0842003-37).
Fine Chemicals Technology (Science Press, Beijing 2007) [3] C.
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Influence of freezing-thawing on strength of over consolidated soil, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.28(12), pp.2082~2087, (2006) [3] CL Chen, P Gao, ZQ Hu.
Moistening deformation characteristic of loess and its relation to structure, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.25(7), pp.1352~1361, (2006) [4] CL Chen, P Gao, J Tang.
Structure parameter of soil under complex stress conditions, Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol.23(24), pp.4248~4251,(2006) [6] J Deng, LM Wang, ZZ Zhang.
Microstructure characteristics and seismic subsidence of loess, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.29(4),pp. 542~549,(2007) [7] CG Zeng, HL Liu, YD Zhou.
Effect of consolidation stress ratio on dynamic strength and dynamic pore water pressure of soil, Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.28(01), pp. 101-105,(2006).