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This was conducted referring to the studies and findings in the thesis and journals on abandoned projects.
According to [16], the waste of resources here are inthe form of capital, material and human power.
They have also added that the other effects are price of raw materials increasing, building requirements changes, loans that are non-performing and land being foreclosed.
[6] Makalah, Contoh, “Abandoned Construction project”,A paperpresented at International Conference on Social Sciences andHumanities, 2008
[12] Olusegun A.E, Michael A.O, “Abandoned of Construction Project in Nigeria : Causes and Effects”, Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 142-145, 2011

The flow behaviour of the investigated materials is used to explain the results of the machining experiments.
Furthermore, experiments have shown a significant increase of micro hardness, strength, resistance to friction wear and fatigue endurance limit of materials with a nanostructured surface layer [4].
These differences between the two materials and their modelled flow stress can be justified on two grounds: Armco-Iron has a high level of purity and is very ductile.
This clear difference of the geometrical changes of the materials supports the results of the flow stresses (Fig. 3).
Vöhringer, Influence of Alloying Elements on the Strain Rate and Temperature Dependence of the Flow Stress of Steels, in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 31:825-830, 2000

Reference [1] K.W.Leong and B.C.Brott: Jourmal of Biomedical Materials Research Vol. 19(1985), p. 941-945
[2] W.K.Choll, T.Robert, L.Lichun et al: Jourmal of Biomedical Materials Research Vol. 85(2008), p. 1114-1119
[8] F.C.M.Driessens, M.G.Boltong, O.Bermudez et al: Journal Material Science Material in Medicine Vol. 4(1993), p. 503-508
[11] M.Nilsson, L.Wielanek, J.S.Wang, et al: Journal of Material Science Material in Medicine Vol. 14(2003), p. 399-404
[13] C.J.Gao, J.P.Gao, X.D.You et al: Journal Biomedical Material Research A Vol. 73(2005), p. 244-253.

Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 177: 396～400 [2] Eriksson M, Oldenburg M, Somani MC, et al.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, May 2009, 40A: 1160
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 177: 452～455
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 164(7)：1294-1300 [11] Jacobs P F.
New frontiers in mold construction: high conductivity materials and conformal cooling channels[J].

Different strength theory should be applied aiming at different materials during project using.
Finite element model and calculation procedure The failure criteria of composite materials are mathematics functions about the stress (strain).
There are dozens of strength criterions of composite materials at present.
Beijing: Science Press, 2004 (In Chinese)
[5] Chaoyi Peng, Jiayu Xiao, Jingcheng Zeng, et al: Journal of Aerospace Power: 2008, 23(3), 557-562 (In Chinese)

Study on oxidation resistance of tool materials for machining superalloy Tengda Wang1，a, Erliang Liu1，b,Zhen Li1 1College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, 150080 Harbin, China atengdawanga@163.com,belliu@163.com Keywords: superalloy, oxidation resistance, grain size, tool material.
In terms of cutting tool materials, high-speed steel and part of cemented carbide tools wear rapidly and even chipping and inefficiency, which is unable to meet the machining of superalloy[5].
Acknowledgements This research is supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of National High NC Machine Tools (2014ZX 04001020-011).
[2] HAN Zhiyu, ZENG Guang, LIANG Shujin, et al, Development in Powder Production Technology of Ni-Based Superalloy[J], MATERIALS CHINA, 33(2014) 748-754
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 86(1998) 1-16

Sklad: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.83 (1998), pp.151-159
Davim: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.132 (2003), pp.340-344
Heath: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.116 (2001), pp.30-38
Lau: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.102 (2000), pp.25-29
Yoshikawa: Journal of Materials Science, Vol.23 (1988), pp.3214-3224

This research focused to develop composite materials for railway brake applications using asbestos-free material and OPEFB fiber as reinforcement.
Preparation of Samples Sample of brake materials are made of some material composition in accordance with its function.
Lu, Performance and evaluation of eco-friendly brake friction materials, Tribology International, Elsevier 2010
Syampurwadi, Effects of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Glasss Reinforced Polyester Resin, Journal of Biological Sciences, 2008, 101-106
Abu Bakarb, Mechanical performance of oil palm empty fruit bunches/jute fibres reinforced epoxy hybrid composites, Materials Science and Engineering A, Elsevier, 2010, 7944–7949

Nano-indentation test is used widely to determine the fracture toughness of brittle materials and to provide information on important material properties such as the Young's modulus and hardness.
It is an ideal material for optimizing a testing procedure for brittle materials.
M., Toricillas R, Orange G and Fratozzi G.: Evaluation by indentation of fracture toughness of ceramic materials, Journal of Material Science, 25(1990), pp. 207-224 [7] Bull S.
J.: Interface engineering and grade films: Structure and characterization, Journal of Vacuum Science Technology, A 19 (2001), pp. 1404-1414 [8] X.
Simo.: A study of the mechanics of microindentation using finite element, Journal of Material Research, 7 (1992), 618 [10]DeBoer, M.P, Huang, H, Nelson, J.C., Jiang, Z.P, and Gerberich, W. : Fracture Toughness of Silicon and Thin Film Micro Structures by Wedge Indetation, Materials Research Society Symposium, 308 (1993), pp. 647-652 [11] Peterson. : Silicon as a Mechanical Material, Proc.

Application of the Reinforcement Technique and Material At present, the widespread reinforcement methods for the protection of the earthen architecture sites are the modern means based on the theory of soil mechanics and materials science with the pre-stressed anchor and bolt [10] as well as the wood anchor [11] technology and in the use of various inorganic materials, organic polymers, inorganic-organic composite materials [12] and other chemical materials.
More importantly, currently, many new materials lack the monitoring of the continuous long-term durability, and there is no test data and relevant research of the material’s resistance to weathering.
At present, a wide variety of materials are applied for the research of the new reinforcement materials, and most of them have certain applicability.
The traditional materials and crafts not only experience the long-term test of history, but are also very simple.
(In Chinese) [19] L.Zheng, Z.Z.Hua, H.Y.Zhang, B.Sun, L.Bai: Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science) Vol. 44(Supp.) (2008), p. 58-60.