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., Assessment of Closed-Wall Wind Tunnel Blockage Using CFD.
[12] Murad, N., Naser, J., Alam, F., Watkins, S., Simulation of Vehicle A-Pillar Aerodynamics using Various Turbulence Models.

Stream line simulation was implemented by means of Reynolds equation and the range of turbulence models (k-e, SST etc.) was applied for the calculation. 3D models of jet devices working fluid bodies for boiler-feed and ammoniac pumps correspondingly were created by means of SolidWorks Program Software on the first stage.
Calculation data preparation was implemented and computational grid was created by means of Ansys ICEM CFD Program Software [6] on the second stage.

Introduction With the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), computational aided design technique (CAD), and optimization algorithms, one of the key problems in aerodynamic shape design which could meet the practical engineering demands is the geometric parameterization technique of good efficiency and robustness[1].
Fig 2 Original and Deformed Foil and Corresponding FFD Control Points Airfoil Optimization Design Flow Filed Numerical Simulation Method.

Using the commercial CFD tool, the rotor blades produced the desired turbine head, approximately, at the design condition of zero angular momentum at the exit section.
The rotating zone such as a guide vane and blade is set to a partial periodic domain in order to facilitate the numerical simulation.

Realization of car’s frontal projected area based on OpenCV Chun Bo Dong1, a, Xing Jun Hu1,b,Yan Wang1,c,Li Min Fu1,d 1State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and control, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China adongchunbo@jlu.edu.cn, bhxj@jlu.edu.cn, cwyan1989@163.com, dlimin@jlu.edu.cn Keywords: Automotive Aerodynamics, frontal projected area; digital image processing; OpenCV Abstract.
Now, the method of calculating frontal area is CFD software which needs to enter the CAD data into the computer, then sets a model again.

According to Elyasi [9], the most convenient way to compare the experimental results from PIV with the CFD simulation predictions is at a steady state condition with fully developed flow at the entrance of the test section.

According to the available information about the results of CFD modeling [13, 19, 23, 26, 27, 34, 40], the main direction of the flow of bubbles was movement from the bottom up to the surface of the bath.
Guthrie, Modelling criteria for flow simulation in gas stirred ladles: experimental study, Ironmak.
Guthrie, CFD Predictions for mixing times in an elliptical ladle using single- and dual-plug configurations, Processes, 11 (2023) 1665. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061665 [27] Y.
Hwang, Study of optimal Ca-Si injection position in gas stirred ladle based on water model experiment and flow simulation, Ironmak.
Zhu, Numerical simulations of inclusion behavior and mixing phenomena in gas-stirred ladles with different arrangement of tuyeres, ISIJ International, 54(1) (2014) 9–18.

The simulation tracked the evolution of PCM temperature, oil tank temperature, and oil flow.
Charge phase simulation results for different oil flows and different IWH potentials.
Self-discharge simulation results for different rockwool thicknesses.
The simulation in fig. 2 shows that the PCM temperature decreases until it reaches 118°C.
Furthermore, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study can represent the behavior of the phase change state of the PCM, allowing for comparison with other configurations utilizing different Heat HTF and PCM indirect Heat Exchangers.

The building uses CFD simulation technology to aid design and simulate wind environment around the building.
By simulation calculations, when southeaster leads and the wind's speed of indoor average standard height is 3m/s, every living height's (1m) wind speed is 0.5~1m/s generally within the area of indoor main human activities.
And building's exterior epidermis is also combined with plant simulation.

Numerical Study on Film Cooling Effectiveness from Converging Slot-hole Dai Ping1a, Yu Naiyun1b 1College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China aemail:daiping936@163.com, bemail:25352638@qq.com Keywords: Turbine blade; Converging slot-hole; Film cooling effectiveness; Turbulence model; Numerical simulation Abstract.
Numerical Simulation Methods Turbulence Models.
For the numerical investigation the commercial CFD software FLUENT is applied.