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In order to demonstrate this, the ATR was analyzed in CFD software to demonstrate the behavior of gases inside the engine.
Simulations were done for both air breathing mode and reentry mode of ATR .
In this mode, the simulation starts after the compressor where boundary conditions are calculated manually.
a) Velocity Vectors The velocity should be more at the exit to produce thrust (here negative thrust) it is shown from simulation that velocity is very high at the exit and this mode will produce negative thrust during reentry shown in Fig.9(d).

Major issues regarding to the successful adhesion of particles and corresponding interaction with substrates and existing deposits are discussed, in terms of numerical simulation and experimental observation.
Fig. 8 CFD data, showing contours of density, for the bow shock at different standoff distances when using the helium nozzle at 2.0 MPa and 20 °C. [32] Pattison et al [32] studied the behavior of bow shock by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particle image velocimetry and schlieren imaging.
It can be seen from the CFD images (Fig. 8) that the size of the bow shock decreases both in terms of its height and width as the standoff distance (SoD) increases.
Based on their contributions, it can be summarized into two aspects: simulation of single particle impact and simulation of multi-particles impact.
Therefore, numerical simulation was carried out by several research groups [19, 20, 40, 64] in terms of particle velocity, strain, strain rate and temperature rise at contact interfaces during impact.

The distributed pressure and fluid characteristics can be better acquired by simulating the flow inside labyrinth seal with the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis [6-7], by the method it is crucial how to couple the gas excitation force into the rotor system.
Firstly, the gas excitation forces under some different eccentricity and velocity disturbance were calculated by FLUENT, then according to the simulation results the gas excitation forces at random position and disturbance can be acquired by interpolation method.
Several simulations were carried out to get the results in several different eccentric distance and velocity disturbance by FLUENT simulation.

The numerical simulations are presented and discussed for the range of these conditions: Re = 10 to 100 and Pr = 0.71.
(11) Numerical Procedure The computational simulations are investigated numerically by using the package CFD called ANSYS-CFX which is developed by AEA Technology, UK; this code simulated the steady state 2D flow over a row of three square cylinders under the presence of thermal buoyancy.
(a) (b) Fig. 2: A representative grid distribution around a row of cylinders; (a) typical grid used for simulation and (b) a closer view around the middle cylinder.
Peng, Simulation of Non-Newtonian (power-law) fluid flow past a row of square cylinders , Sci.
Uthayakumar, Numerical Simulation of Steady Flow and Forced Convection Heat Transfer from Two Offset Square Cylinders Placed in a Channel, Arab J Sci Eng, xx(2016) xx–xx

Numerical models and simulation approach Model geometry and mesh.
For the all scenarios analyzed in this study, the same grid size of 5μm is used to mesh the models for the CFD simulations.
The simulations show that the gas phase reaction can not be ignored inside a micro-catalyst reactor for most conditions.

Lin et al. [11] conducted a series of cable fire experiments by the cone calorimeter and the corresponding numerical simulation by Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS).
They claimed that the HRR, CO concentration and CO2 concentration derived by FDS simulation agreed well with those obtained from experiments by the cone calorimeter.
The estimate method made use of the small-scale fire results and the simulation modeling, and had been validated by full-scale tests.
Pei, Development of CFD fire models for deterministic analyses of the cable issues in the nuclear power plant, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2008, 2: 338-345

Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal a thamy@ufba.br, bimbm@uevora.pt, cjcfpereira@ist.utl.pt Keywords: Porous media, Incompressible flow, Turbulence, CFD.
Prakash et al. [1,2] studied by LDV and numerical simulations impinging jets in a cylindrical enclosure with and without a porous layer.

Simulation convergence is monitored by tracking the residuals of continuity, momentum, and energy equations, with a threshold of 10⁻⁶ for each.
The transient simulation is executed over 2000 timesteps, each with a duration of 1 second.
To validate the accuracy of the numerical model, two independent simulations and corresponding experimental tests were conducted.
Table 2 summarizes the final steady-state junction temperatures recorded from the simulations and experiments.
Che Ani, CFD modeling of pin shape effects on capillary flow during wave soldering, Int J Heat Mass Transf 72 (2014) 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHEATMASSTRANSFER.2014.01.037

The third one is simulation results and discussion.
Simulation and Discussions In this section we use ESI-CFD+ software package for simulation.

The third one is the simulation and discussion.
Fig. 8 Result of design Step 8 Fig. 9 Result of design Step 9 Simulation and Discussion In this section the ESI-CFD+ software package is applied for simulation [26-29].