Search results

Investigations on microwave reduction of low-quality pyrolusite MnO2 with carbon were carried out [21, 22].
The starting time of intense evaporation of zinc chloride and sample mass reduction upon exposure to microwave calcination were controlled parameters.
Data on sample mass reduction, chlorine concentration in the sample after microwave calcination, degree of zinc chloride removal, duration of heating before starting of intense evaporation of zinc chloride are also presented in Table 1.
Fig. 3 shows the data on the sample mass losses depending on the concentration of zinc chloride in the mixture in graphical form.
Fig. 4 shows the data on increase in the heating rate of mixtures at increasing the concentration of zinc chloride in the initial mixture.

Reduction current produced on the working electrode surface is proportional to solution concentration.
The value of the current produced during copper-modification process was usually about 100 times as large as that of the reduction current during determination.
Finally, via RS232 ports, the MCU transmitted the ultimate data up to a server with a GPRS wireless module or a data line.
The experimental data is compared in Fig.4 based on different value of Cf and t (f=2mV/t).
The linearity between the reduction current and concentrations at reduction peak was 99.7% and the sensitivity was 1.2325μA·L·mg-1.

Starting from the actual standardized methodology for design of the control gauges, this paper presents a new algorithm for the design, which is taking into consideration also the number of serial production parts which are verified, by increasing the efficiency of the gauges number used and the reduction of the control costs.
Furthermore, based on the experimental data presented, the mathematical methods of the tolerance execution field of the gauges and respectively the wear field, of the GO, NOGO gauges for interior and exterior diameter.
The new methodology permits the optimization of the parameters values z1, y1 by taking into consideration the production plan against minimization of the gauges number, especially the shaft gauge, what gives reduction to the product cost by cutting down the gauges fabrication costs. 2.

The size reduction of silver particles can increase the effectiveness of its anti-microbial activity, due to the larger surface area [4].
Some chemical methods which used to form AgNPs are chemical reduction, photochemical and sonochemical.
Chemical reduction is very popular way because of its convenience factor, relatively low cost, and likely to be produced on a large scale [7].
From the data, it can be concluded that o,p-dihydroxybenzoic acid has the best sensitivity.
A reducing agent with higher reduction ability will give the smaller nanoparticle size because it can reduce more silver ion.

The analysis of the results shows a significant reduction of programming duration as well as a reduction of programming errors compared with Teach-In.
This gestural input may be supported through pointing devices or data gloves.
The study results show a significant reduction of the programming duration for spatial programming.
Regarding the mean value we obtained a reduction to 12.9 % (robot programmer: 15.4 %) compared with Teach-In for Labyrinth and a reduction to 10.3 % (robot programmer: 7.5 %) for Pick&Place.
By means of spatial programming and the AR simulation, a reduction to 16 % and 19 % could be realised.

The mechanical properties of each rolled plate in cold reduction and in annealed were also measured.
However, intermediate annealing was carried out after each 25% of cold reduction.
This analysis of XRD pattern was carried out by utilizing JCPDS card No. 9-205 of International center for diffraction data [11].
This alloy can be cold worked up to 25 percent reduction without intermediate 3.
This alloy can be cold worked up to 25 percent reduction without intermediate °C for one hour followed by furnace cooling imparts sufficient softness to this alloy for further cold reduction.

As can be noticed by analyzing of the data presented on the fig. 2 during rolling in Variant I the average size of the austenite grain diameter was approximately 20 μm.
During rolling in Variant II the average size of the austenite grain diameter was approximately 15 μm (reduction by 25% than in traditional rolling process).
Unification on the cross section and reduction of the austenite grain size should causes uniform mechanical parameters and increase impact resistance.
Estimated, in industrial conditions data, confirmed good agreement of the theoretical model used to determination evaluation of microstructure during round bars rolling.
When analyzing the data presented on the Fig.5 it can be found that decrease of the average austenite grain size and unification the grain size on the cross section of rolled round bars causes during rolling with accelerated cooling (Variant II) causes increase of braking energy of the ø26 mm round bars in all range investigated temperatures.

Due to mandatory emission reduction and rising oil prices electric vehicles are about to be introduced in mass markets.
From the China automobile industry yearbooks and china statistical yearbooks, correlative data of automobile industry and china macro economy from 2004 to 2011 are collected.
Table 1 Scale value of EV industry 2015 2020 Eclectric vehicle industrial scale (number of EV vehicle) 1510000 9320000 Under Copenhagen commitment control, the EV scale of China in 2020 is better from 92340 to 102890 [5].Compare the scale data with Table 1, the EV scale in 2020 far more below the necessary number if the government policies stay the same.
The result does not comply with energy conservation and pollution reduction targets and is not conducive to the industrialization of EV industrial development.
The scale of EV in 2020 is 92340,000 which equal to data in Table 2, corresponding values of government policies is in Table 2.

Tailor-welded tubes are widely applied to tube hydroforming field due to their advantages of low cost, reduction in part weight and flexibility in mass production.
Introduction Due to their advantages of low cost, reduction in part weight and flexibility in mass production[1], tailor-welded tubes are widely used as main materials for tube hydroforming which is applied to automotive, aviation and aerospace industries.
Finally, the displacement of each grid, wall thickness reduction rate of each grid and strain of each grid in deformed images can be obtained by comparing 3D coordinates of each grid between the current image and the reference image.
During the uniaxial tensile test, data of load and displacement was collected automatically by the universal testing machine itself, and deformed images of the specimen were captured by CCD cameras.
Since the instantaneous thickness of the specimen can be obtained from the data output by the 3D deformation measuring system, the 3D analysis of the specimen can be simplified to 2D analysis.

The results of the stress triaxiality increasing with the reduction of the thickness explain well the experimental results.
On the upper shelf and the DBTT region, the resistance curve procedure utilizes an elastic uploading procedure or equivalent procedure to obtain a J or CTOD based resistance curve from a single specimen, with at least eight data points in the curve before the specimen achieves the maximum load according to the ASTME1820-05, ASTME1290-02, ASTME813, ASTME1152, and ASTME1737.
With the reduction of the temperature in the transition temperature, the distance of ductile crack propagation drops down quickly.
As shown in Fig.5, with the reduction of the temperature, there is a slow increment and then a sharp drop of the fracture toughness.
The tearing modulus dJ/da increases with the thickness of the specimen and the reduction of the temperature.